【摘要】：隨著中小城市社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和城市規(guī)模的快速發(fā)展,道路交通擁堵和交通污染等一系列問題開始凸顯。公交專用道作為公交優(yōu)先發(fā)展最有效的措施之一,能顯著改善中小城市的公交運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀,實(shí)現(xiàn)道路通行權(quán)的重新分配,帶動(dòng)中小城市實(shí)現(xiàn)交通結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)。但由于現(xiàn)階段中小城市公交專用道在設(shè)計(jì)過程中照搬大城市的方法和形式,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)不合理、組織措施不配套的問題,影響了公交專用道的實(shí)施效果。因此,針對(duì)公交專用道在中小城市的應(yīng)用實(shí)踐開展深入研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義。本文通過理論分析和模型構(gòu)建,從布設(shè)和交通組織兩個(gè)方面對(duì)中小城市公交專用道進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:首先,在中小城市交通現(xiàn)狀分析和公交專用道效用分析基礎(chǔ)上,論述現(xiàn)階段中小城市發(fā)展公交專用道的必要性,研究闡述中小城市公交專用道的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)原則,從流量和負(fù)荷度兩方面分析公交專用道的設(shè)置條件。其次,分析公交專用道路段和交叉口處不同布設(shè)型式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適用性,結(jié)合中小城市交通現(xiàn)狀,提出路側(cè)式公交專用道和直通式公交專用進(jìn)口道的組合是最適合中小城市應(yīng)用的布設(shè)型式。針對(duì)中小城市適用的布設(shè)型式,基于可插入間隙理論建立車輛匯入概率模型,對(duì)現(xiàn)階段設(shè)置規(guī)范尚未明確的借道區(qū)關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新性的公式標(biāo)定,進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)中小城市公交專用道的精細(xì)化布設(shè)。再次,從交叉口和路段兩方面進(jìn)行公交專用道的交通組織優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)研究。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)交叉口信號(hào)配時(shí)方法存在的問題,基于模糊折中規(guī)劃方法建立公交專用道交叉口信號(hào)配時(shí)優(yōu)化模型,為中小城市公交專用道交叉口信號(hào)配時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)提供方法,通過VISSIM仿真驗(yàn)證模型優(yōu)化效果。針對(duì)中小城市公交專用道路段,提出路段隔離設(shè)施、出入口設(shè)置、行人交通、出租車�？�、公交車輛專用時(shí)段五個(gè)交通組織配套設(shè)計(jì)方案,進(jìn)一步保障中小城市公交專用道的實(shí)施效果。最后,選取滄州市黃河路進(jìn)行公交專用道的綜合設(shè)計(jì)。對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)路段12個(gè)借道區(qū)的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)進(jìn)行求解標(biāo)定,對(duì)沿線多個(gè)交叉口進(jìn)行公交專用道配時(shí)優(yōu)先設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)交叉口渠化和路段交通組織措施進(jìn)行配套設(shè)計(jì)。通過VISSIM構(gòu)建路網(wǎng),對(duì)全路段公交專用道設(shè)置效果進(jìn)行仿真評(píng)估,仿真結(jié)果表明,設(shè)置公交專用道后公交運(yùn)行效率獲得顯著提升。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and city scale in small and medium-sized cities, a series of problems such as road traffic congestion and traffic pollution begin to appear. As one of the most effective measures to give priority to the development of public transport, bus lanes can significantly improve the operation of public transport in small and medium-sized cities, realize the redistribution of road traffic rights, and promote the optimization and upgrading of traffic structure in small and medium-sized cities. However, due to the method and form of large cities being copied in the design process of bus lanes in small and medium-sized cities at present, the problems of unreasonable design and inadequate organization measures have affected the implementation effect of bus lanes. Therefore, it is of practical significance to carry out in-depth research on the application of bus lanes in small and medium-sized cities. Through theoretical analysis and model construction, this paper studies the optimization design of bus lanes in small and medium-sized cities from the aspects of layout and traffic organization. The main research contents are as follows: first of all, Based on the analysis of traffic situation and utility analysis of bus lanes in small and medium-sized cities, this paper discusses the necessity of developing public transport exclusive lanes in small and medium-sized cities at present, and studies and expounds the planning and design principles of public transport exclusive lanes in small and medium-sized cities. The setting conditions of bus lanes are analyzed from two aspects of flow and load. Secondly, the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different layout types of bus lanes and intersections are analyzed, and combined with the traffic situation in small and medium-sized cities, It is suggested that the combination of roadside bus lanes and direct transit special entrance roads is the most suitable layout for small and medium-sized cities. Aiming at the suitable layout pattern of small and medium-sized cities, the paper establishes the vehicle import probability model based on the pluggable gap theory, and calibrates the innovative formula for the key index of the pass area which has not been clearly defined in the present setting standard. Further promote the small and medium-sized city bus lane fine layout. Thirdly, the traffic organization optimization design of bus lane is studied from intersection and section. Aiming at the problems existing in the traditional intersection signal timing method, the signal timing optimization model of the bus lane intersection is established based on the fuzzy compromise planning method, which provides a method for the signal timing design of the bus lane intersection in the small and medium-sized cities. The optimization effect of the model is verified by VISSIM simulation. In view of the section of public transport exclusive roads in small and medium-sized cities, the paper puts forward five traffic organization design schemes, such as road isolation facilities, entrance and exit setting, pedestrian traffic, taxi parking, and special time period for public transport vehicles. Further protection of the implementation of public transport lanes in small and medium-sized cities. Finally, Huanghe Road in Cangzhou City is selected for the comprehensive design of bus lanes. The key indexes of 12 passageways are solved and calibrated, the bus lanes are designed first, and the channelization of intersections and traffic organization measures are designed. The effect of bus lane setting is evaluated by VISSIM. The simulation results show that the efficiency of bus operation is improved significantly after the setting of bus lane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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