【摘要】：目前，我國正處于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展時(shí)期，城市化和機(jī)動(dòng)化進(jìn)程不斷加速，對小汽車交通的依賴加劇了城市交通擁堵、交通安全、環(huán)境污染、能源緊缺等一系列問題，這嚴(yán)重地影響著我國的城市交通、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展以及人民群眾生活水平的提高。在治理交通擁堵的問題上，政府及相關(guān)部門注重對城市主干道等高等級道路的建設(shè)，而忽視了低等級道路的建設(shè)，造成城市道路網(wǎng)等級比例不協(xié)調(diào)，造成更大擁堵問題的出現(xiàn)。因此，增加支路以及更低等級道路比例，協(xié)調(diào)整個(gè)城市路網(wǎng)比例，是解決城市道路擁堵的主要途徑。這些由支路以及更低等級道路構(gòu)成的微循環(huán)道路系統(tǒng)能夠緩解城市交通的壓力，，分擔(dān)干道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的交通需求，為區(qū)域內(nèi)居民提供安全、便利的交通服務(wù)。 本文針對城市道路網(wǎng)等級不匹配問題，提出了微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化算法對微循環(huán)道路優(yōu)化，從而增加支路以及更低等級道路比例，為主干道分流緩堵。論文首先分析了微循環(huán)理論、微循環(huán)道路優(yōu)化方法、微循環(huán)道路工程實(shí)踐的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，明確了微循環(huán)道路在城市交通的重要意義，然后分析了微循環(huán)優(yōu)化方法存在的主要問題與弊端，并在現(xiàn)有研究的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建了多約束條件下的微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化模型，優(yōu)化過程主要包括：研究區(qū)域主干道擁堵判定、微循環(huán)繞行路線搜索、微循環(huán)優(yōu)化模型建立。微循環(huán)優(yōu)化模型基于多個(gè)約束條件，構(gòu)建多目標(biāo)函數(shù)，雙層規(guī)劃，遺傳算法求解，得到最佳優(yōu)化方案。 本文所建立的微循環(huán)優(yōu)化模型充分考慮到了路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化的各種影響因素，并建立了微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，闡述了評價(jià)指標(biāo)建立的原則，然后從技術(shù)性能、經(jīng)濟(jì)費(fèi)用、社會(huì)環(huán)境影響三個(gè)方面構(gòu)建了城市交通微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，詳細(xì)分析了每個(gè)指標(biāo)的含義、計(jì)算方法與意義，并對評價(jià)指標(biāo)盡可能進(jìn)行分析量化，為方案評價(jià)提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 最后對多約束條件下的微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化模型進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)研究與實(shí)例驗(yàn)證。選取典型微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)作為研究區(qū)域，利用所建立的多約束條件下的微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化模型對研究區(qū)域路網(wǎng)進(jìn)行改造通過現(xiàn)狀研究，獲得可能新建道路，通過優(yōu)化模型求解得到最優(yōu)方案，并對最優(yōu)方案進(jìn)行評價(jià)分析。算例驗(yàn)證了本文所建立模型的可行性，對微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化起到了重要的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in the period of high speed development of social economy. The process of urbanization and motorization is accelerating constantly. The dependence on car traffic has aggravated a series of problems, such as urban traffic congestion, traffic safety, environmental pollution, energy shortage and so on. This seriously affects the urban transportation, the sustainable development of economy and society and the improvement of people's living standard. In dealing with traffic congestion, the government and related departments pay attention to the construction of high-grade roads such as urban trunk roads, but neglect the construction of low-grade roads, resulting in the disharmony of the grade ratio of urban road network and the emergence of even greater congestion problems. Therefore, increasing the proportion of branch roads and lower grade roads and coordinating the proportion of the whole urban road network are the main ways to solve urban road congestion. These microcirculatory road systems, which consist of branch roads and lower grade roads, can relieve the pressure of urban traffic, share the traffic demand of the trunk road network, and provide safe and convenient transportation services for the residents of the region. In order to solve the problem of grade mismatch of urban road network, this paper puts forward a microcirculation network optimization algorithm to optimize microcirculation road, thus increasing the proportion of branch roads and lower grade roads. Firstly, the paper analyzes the theory of microcirculation, the optimization method of microcirculation road, the research status of microcirculation road engineering practice at home and abroad, and clarifies the significance of microcirculation road in urban traffic. Then the main problems and drawbacks of microcirculation optimization method are analyzed, and based on the existing research, the optimization model of microcirculation network under multi-constraint conditions is constructed. The optimization process mainly includes: the main road congestion determination in the study area. The microcirculation detour route search and the microcirculation optimization model are established. Based on multiple constraints, the microcirculatory optimization model is constructed with multi-objective function, bilevel programming and genetic algorithm, and the optimal optimization scheme is obtained. The microcirculation optimization model established in this paper fully takes into account all kinds of influencing factors of road network optimization, and establishes the evaluation index system of microcirculation network, expounds the principles of establishing evaluation index, and then from the technical performance, economic cost, The evaluation index system of urban traffic microcirculation network optimization is constructed in three aspects of social environmental impact. The meaning, calculation method and significance of each index are analyzed in detail, and the evaluation indexes are analyzed and quantified as much as possible. Provision of criteria for programme evaluation Finally, the optimization model of microcirculation network under multiple constraints is studied and verified by an example. Select the typical microcirculation network as the research area, use the optimized model of the microcirculation network under the multi-constraint condition to reconstruct the research area road network through the current situation research, obtain the possible new road. The optimal scheme is obtained by solving the optimization model, and the optimal scheme is evaluated and analyzed. An example is given to verify the feasibility of the model established in this paper, which plays an important reference value in the optimization of microcirculation network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491

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