【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)快速發(fā)展,我國(guó)東南沿海地區(qū)修建了越來(lái)越多的海洋橋梁。然而,海洋橋梁橋址區(qū)受臺(tái)風(fēng)影響,巨浪、大風(fēng)頻發(fā),海洋環(huán)境十分惡劣。波浪,特別是臺(tái)風(fēng)期間的極端波浪對(duì)海洋橋梁的建設(shè)和安全運(yùn)營(yíng)構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。因此,急需通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)來(lái)對(duì)海洋橋梁橋址區(qū)的波浪特性和波浪力進(jìn)行研究。通過(guò)海洋橋梁橋址區(qū)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)來(lái)對(duì)波浪數(shù)據(jù)處理及波浪特性的研究較少,對(duì)海洋橋梁橋址區(qū)風(fēng)浪相關(guān)性的研究相對(duì)較少,基于實(shí)測(cè)波面數(shù)據(jù)的波浪力計(jì)算方法未見報(bào)道。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本文以在建的平潭海峽公鐵兩用大橋現(xiàn)場(chǎng)波浪和風(fēng)實(shí)測(cè)資料為依托,以海洋橋梁橋址區(qū)的波浪特性和波浪力為研究對(duì)象,開展了以下研究:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)橋址區(qū)實(shí)測(cè)波面數(shù)據(jù)的分析,提出了針對(duì)聲學(xué)波浪儀波面數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)處理方法。通過(guò)隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生一定百分比的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)的方法,研究了該方法的適用范圍,驗(yàn)證了本文方法的有效性。(2)利用預(yù)處理后的波浪數(shù)據(jù),研究了臺(tái)風(fēng)期間實(shí)測(cè)得到的各統(tǒng)計(jì)波高之間的比值,通過(guò)與《港口與航道水文規(guī)范》(JTS145-2015)給出的比值比較發(fā)現(xiàn),實(shí)測(cè)值略小于規(guī)范值,根據(jù)規(guī)范進(jìn)行各統(tǒng)計(jì)波高的計(jì)算是偏安全的。同時(shí),通過(guò)概率密度研究發(fā)現(xiàn),平潭海峽橋址區(qū)的波高服從Gumbel分布,而波浪周期服從Weibull分布,對(duì)于未來(lái)通過(guò)概率方法研究波浪災(zāi)害提供了重要參考。(3)基于實(shí)測(cè)的風(fēng)數(shù)據(jù)研究了橋址區(qū)的風(fēng)特性,探討了風(fēng)向、風(fēng)速和波高的關(guān)系,并研究了風(fēng)浪相關(guān)性,得到了臺(tái)風(fēng)期間風(fēng)浪的擬合公式。(4)提出了一種無(wú)須采集任何結(jié)構(gòu)波壓力或結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng),僅通過(guò)波面實(shí)測(cè)即可快速獲取結(jié)構(gòu)波浪力的便捷方法。通過(guò)與經(jīng)典波浪理論比較,驗(yàn)證了方法擬合波浪速度梯度和加速度梯度的準(zhǔn)確性。通過(guò)與USFOS分析軟件的結(jié)構(gòu)波浪力分析對(duì)比,研究了該方法的計(jì)算精度。本論文研究成果可為海洋橋梁橋址區(qū)的波浪實(shí)測(cè)、波浪特性分析和波浪力監(jiān)測(cè)提供重要參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in China, more and more ocean bridges have been built in the southeast coastal area of China. However, the ocean bridge site is affected by typhoon, heavy waves and high winds, and the marine environment is very bad. Waves, especially extreme waves during typhoons, pose a serious threat to the construction and safe operation of ocean bridges. Therefore, it is urgent to study the wave characteristics and wave forces in the ocean bridge site by field measurements. There are few researches on wave data processing and wave characteristics based on the field measurements of ocean bridge sites, and relatively few studies on the correlation between wind and wave in ocean bridge sites. The method of wave force calculation based on measured wave surface data has not been reported. In order to solve the above problems, based on the measured data of wave and wind on the site of the bridge in Pingtan Strait, this paper takes the wave characteristics and wave forces in the site of the bridge as the research object. The following studies are carried out: (1) based on the analysis of the measured wave surface data in the bridge site, a preprocessing method for the wave surface data of the acoustic wave meter is proposed. The application range of this method is studied by generating a certain percentage of error data at random. The validity of this method is verified. (2) the wave data after pretreatment are used. The ratio of the statistical wave heights measured during the typhoon is studied. By comparing with the ratios given by the Port and Channel Hydrology Code (JTS145-2015), it is found that the measured values are slightly smaller than the standard values, and the calculation of the statistical wave heights according to the codes is relatively safe. At the same time, through the study of probability density, it is found that the wave height clothing in the bridge area of Pingtan Strait is distributed from Gumbel, while the wave periodic suit is distributed from Weibull. It provides an important reference for the future study of wave disaster by probability method. (3) based on the measured wind data, the wind characteristics of bridge site are studied, the relationship among wind direction, wind speed and wave height is discussed, and the correlation between wind and wave is studied. The fitting formula of wind and wave during typhoon is obtained. (4) A convenient method is proposed to obtain the wave force of the structure without collecting any structural wave pressure or structural response. By comparing with classical wave theory, the accuracy of fitting wave velocity gradient and acceleration gradient is verified. The calculation accuracy of this method is studied by comparing the wave force analysis of structure with that of USFOS software. The research results of this paper can provide important reference for wave measurement, wave characteristic analysis and wave force monitoring in ocean bridge site.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U442

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