輕量化FRP拉索超大跨橋梁研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-02 07:54
【摘要】：隨著橋梁跨徑的不斷增長,傳統(tǒng)鋼拉索由于自重大、垂度效應(yīng)明顯、承載效率低等缺點,限制了超大跨橋梁跨徑的提升。同時傳統(tǒng)鋼拉索的疲勞強(qiáng)度不高、耐腐蝕性能差,鋼拉索的壽命在疲勞與腐蝕的耦合作用下大大縮短,影響了鋼拉索的長期服役性能。纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料(Fiber-Reinforced Polymer,簡稱FRP)由于具有輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)、抗疲勞、耐腐蝕等優(yōu)異的力學(xué)性能與化學(xué)性能,近三十年來廣泛的應(yīng)用于土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)加固和增強(qiáng)領(lǐng)域,FRP拉索作為FRP材料最有效的應(yīng)用方式之一,能夠充分發(fā)揮其質(zhì)量輕、抗拉強(qiáng)度高、抗疲勞、耐腐蝕的優(yōu)勢,規(guī)避FRP材料各向異性的劣勢。當(dāng)FRP拉索應(yīng)用于超大跨橋梁結(jié)構(gòu),不僅能夠有效減輕拉索的自重、增大超大跨橋梁的跨徑,而且還能有效的提高拉索的長期服役性能,FRP拉索為改善超大跨橋梁的短期、長期性能提供了一個有效的途徑。FRP拉索應(yīng)用于超大跨橋梁,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)超大跨橋梁的輕量化,然而目前對FRP輕量化超大跨橋梁力學(xué)性能研究不足,特別是由FRP輕量化引起的振動問題還有待深入探討。由于作用機(jī)理較為復(fù)雜,拉索振動特性與阻尼性能的研究需要在試驗的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行,但是由于目前缺少超大跨橋梁FRP拉索的應(yīng)用實例,目前FRP拉索振動特性與阻尼性能的研究分析主要采用半經(jīng)驗半理論的方法,缺乏試驗的支持與驗證。同時如何兼顧整橋的力學(xué)性能與經(jīng)濟(jì)性能,優(yōu)化FRP輕量化超大跨橋梁的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,建造跨徑更大材料利用效率更高的橋梁的問題也亟需解決。本文圍繞超大跨橋梁FRP輕量化的上述問題,采用理論分析與實驗研究相結(jié)合的方式,從整體結(jié)構(gòu)性能、經(jīng)濟(jì)性能評價以及拉索振動特性三個方面開展研究,具體的研究內(nèi)容與成果包括：(1)基于相似準(zhǔn)則,選取蘇通大橋中兩根最具代表性的斜拉索為原型,設(shè)計并按照自由衰減振動法進(jìn)行了鋼拉索、CFRP拉索與BFRP拉索的模型振動試驗,拉索振動試驗的結(jié)果證明,設(shè)計的拉索模型振動試驗,能夠有效的模擬實際拉索的振動特性。而且拉索面內(nèi)振動試驗的阻尼分析結(jié)果表明,FRP拉索面內(nèi)振動的模態(tài)阻尼比大于鋼拉索,證明拉索的輕量化有利于提高其面內(nèi)的減振耗能性能。此外拉索面外振動試驗的阻尼分析結(jié)果證明,拉索的面外振動阻尼比與自振頻率成反比�；谀芰亢纳⒗碚撘约澳B(tài)振型曲率法,修正了拉索模態(tài)阻尼比的計算公式,然后根據(jù)修正公式計算了FRP拉索的動態(tài)應(yīng)變阻尼能系數(shù),結(jié)合拉索振動的試驗結(jié)果,證明了以動態(tài)應(yīng)變阻尼能系數(shù)為指標(biāo),評價不同材料拉索阻尼特性的可行性。(2)通過模型振動實驗研究了一種新型FRP自減振拉索的振動特性與阻尼性能,振動試驗結(jié)果的對比表明,FRP自減振拉索能夠根據(jù)拉索振幅的大小調(diào)整自身的阻尼特性,實現(xiàn)FRP拉索的自減振性能。同時基于阻尼耗能理論與粘彈性阻尼理論提出了FRP自減振拉索的模態(tài)阻尼比的計算方法,通過理論計算結(jié)果與實驗結(jié)果的對比證明,本文提出的計算方法,能夠有效的預(yù)測FRP自減振拉索的模態(tài)阻尼比。(3)通過不同材料FRP拉索關(guān)鍵的力學(xué)性能參數(shù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)性能參數(shù)的分析,確定了不同材料FRP拉索的合理適用跨度區(qū)間,提出了一種將不同材料FRP拉索在同一橋梁不同跨度區(qū)域混合布置的斜拉橋設(shè)計方案。并以主跨為2038m的某跨海大橋為例,對FRP混布拉索斜拉橋的靜、動力性能,以及經(jīng)濟(jì)性能進(jìn)行研究,分析結(jié)果表明,FRP混布拉索斜拉橋方案能夠滿足超大跨斜拉橋的靜力結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的要求；而且能夠有效的提高整橋的自振頻率,減小橋梁地震位移響應(yīng),并提升整橋的抗風(fēng)穩(wěn)定性；同時拉索的全壽命周期成本分析結(jié)果表明,在滿足超大跨橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)要求的設(shè)計方案中,FRP混布拉索斜拉橋的經(jīng)濟(jì)性能最優(yōu)。(4)基于FRP混合布置拉索的斜拉橋設(shè)計方案,以蘇通大橋為原型,按照相似準(zhǔn)則,提出了FRP混合布置拉索模型橋的設(shè)計方案,按照剛度相似、質(zhì)量相似的要求,對加勁梁、索塔、拉索、橋墩等模型橋的主要構(gòu)件進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的設(shè)計,并根據(jù)倒拆法對FRP混布拉索模型橋進(jìn)行了施工分析,為FRP混合布置拉索斜拉橋的實際施工分析提供了參考。(5)以主跨為3300m的超大跨懸索橋為例,通過有限元分析,研究了不同材料FRP拉索(尤其是混雜FRP拉索)超大跨懸索橋的靜、動力性能：與傳統(tǒng)鋼拉索懸索橋相比,FRP拉索能夠增大懸索橋的極限跨徑,提高拉索的承載效率,提高拉索的材料利用率,進(jìn)而優(yōu)化整橋的靜力學(xué)性能；而且拉索的輕量化能夠提高了超大跨橋梁的自振頻率,提升整橋的抗風(fēng)穩(wěn)定性；同時自重小、阻尼性能良好的FRP拉索還能夠有效的減小整橋的地震響應(yīng),提高橋梁的抗震安全性。超大跨懸索橋不同材料拉索的全壽命周期成本評估,基于第一座進(jìn)行主纜全面維護(hù)的福斯公路橋的維護(hù)成本分析進(jìn)行,分析結(jié)果表明FRP拉索由于具有良好的抗疲勞、耐腐蝕性能,應(yīng)用于超大跨懸索橋能夠有效的提升超大跨懸索橋的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。最后對本文的研究成果進(jìn)行了概括總結(jié),梳理了論文的主要創(chuàng)新點,提出了研究中存在的問題以及進(jìn)一步的研究內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:With the increasing span of the bridge span, the traditional Graso, because of its great self importance, obvious droop effect and low bearing efficiency, restricts the improvement of the span of the super large span bridge. At the same time, the fatigue strength of the traditional Graso is not high, the corrosion resistance is poor, and the life of the steel cable is greatly shortened by the coupling of fatigue and corrosion, which affects the steel cable. For a long time, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) has been widely used in the field of reinforcement and reinforcement in civil engineering for thirty years because of its excellent mechanical and chemical properties, such as light weight, high strength, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance. FRP cable is one of the most effective application ways of FRP materials. Taking full advantage of the advantages of light weight, high tensile strength, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, avoiding the anisotropy of FRP material, when FRP cable is applied to the super large span bridge structure, it can not only effectively reduce the weight of the cable, increase the span of the super large span bridge, but also effectively improve the long service performance of the cable, and the FRP cable is the improvement over the superstructure. The short term and long term performance of large span bridges provides an effective way for the.FRP cable to be applied to the super large span bridge, which can realize the lightweight of the super large span bridge. However, the research on the mechanical performance of the FRP lightweight and super large span bridge is not enough, especially the vibration problem caused by the light quantization of FRP. The research on the vibration characteristics and damping properties of the cable needs to be carried out on the basis of the test. But because of the lack of application examples of the FRP cables of the super long span bridge, the research and analysis of the vibration characteristics and damping properties of the FRP cable are mainly used in the semi empirical and semi theoretical method, the support and verification of the lack of test. At the same time, how to take the whole bridge into consideration In order to optimize the structural design of FRP lightweight and super large span bridge, the problem of building a bridge with greater material utilization efficiency is also urgently needed to be solved. This paper, focusing on the above problems of FRP lightweight, combines theoretical analysis and experimental research, from the overall structural performance and economic performance. The evaluation and the vibration characteristics of the cable are studied in three aspects. The specific research contents and results include: (1) based on the similarity criterion, the two most representative cable-stayed cables in the Sutong Bridge are selected as the prototype, and the model vibration test of steel cable, CFRP pull cable and BFRP cable, and the cable vibration test are carried out according to the free attenuation vibration method. The results show that the designed cable model vibration test can effectively simulate the vibration characteristics of the actual cable, and the damping analysis results of the vibration test in the cable plane show that the modal damping ratio of the vibration in the FRP cable is greater than that of the steel cable. It is proved that the lightening of the cable is beneficial to the improvement of the vibration damping and energy dissipation in the plane. In addition, the cable surface is also improved. The damping analysis of the external vibration test shows that the damping ratio of the cable is inversely proportional to the frequency of the vibration. Based on the energy dissipation theory and the modal shape curvature method, the formula of the modal damping ratio of the cable is corrected, and the damping energy coefficient of the dynamic strain of the FRP cable is calculated according to the modified formula, and the test knot of the cable vibration is combined. The feasibility of evaluating the damping characteristics of different materials is proved by the dynamic strain damping energy coefficient. (2) the vibration characteristics and damping properties of a new FRP self damping cable are studied by the model vibration experiment. The comparison of the vibration test results shows that the FRP self reducing Jinraso can adjust itself according to the amplitude of the cable. The damping characteristic is used to realize the self damping property of the FRP cable. At the same time, based on the damping energy theory and the viscoelastic damping theory, the calculation method of the modal damping ratio of the FRP self damping cable is proposed. By comparing the theoretical calculation results with the experimental results, it is proved that the proposed method can effectively predict the modal damping of the FRP self damping cable. (3) through the analysis of the key mechanical properties parameters and economic performance parameters of different material FRP cables, the reasonable span interval of different material FRP cables is determined, and a design scheme of a cable-stayed bridge with different material FRP cables mixed in the different span of the same bridge is proposed. A cross sea bridge with the main span of 2038m is taken as a cross sea bridge. For example, the static, dynamic performance and economic performance of the FRP mixed cable-stayed bridge are studied. The analysis results show that the FRP mixed cable-stayed bridge scheme can meet the requirements of the static structural design of the super span cable-stayed bridge, and can effectively improve the vibration frequency of the whole bridge, reduce the response of the bridge seismic displacement, and improve the resistance of the whole bridge. At the same time, the whole life cycle cost analysis of the cable shows that the FRP mixed cable-stayed bridge has the best economic performance in the design scheme satisfying the requirements of the super long span bridge structure. (4) the design scheme of the cable-stayed bridge based on the FRP mixed cable-stayed cable is based on the Suzhou bridge as the prototype, and the FRP mixed layout is put forward according to the similarity criterion. The design scheme of cable model bridge is designed in detail according to the requirements of similar stiffness and similar quality. The main components of the stiffened beam, cable tower, cable, pier and other model bridges are detailed, and the construction analysis of the FRP mixed cable model bridge is carried out according to the reverse method, which provides a reference for the actual construction analysis of the FRP mixed cable stayed cable-stayed bridge. (5) A super span suspension bridge with a main span of 3300m is taken as an example. Through the finite element analysis, the static and dynamic performance of the super span suspension bridge with different material FRP cables (especially the hybrid FRP cables) is studied. Compared with the traditional steel cable suspension bridge, the FRP cable can increase the limit span of the suspension bridge, improve the carrying efficiency of the cable and improve the material utilization of the cable. Furthermore, the static performance of the whole bridge is optimized, and the lightening of the cable can improve the vibration frequency of the super large span bridge and improve the wind stability of the whole bridge. At the same time, the FRP cable with small weight and good damping performance can effectively reduce the seismic response of the whole bridge and improve the seismic safety of the bridge. The life cycle cost assessment of the cable is based on the analysis of the maintenance cost analysis of the first FOS highway bridge which is fully maintained by the main cable. The results show that the FRP cable can effectively improve the economic benefit of the oversuspension bridge because of its good anti fatigue and corrosion resistance. The results are summarized, the main innovation points of the paper are sorted out, and the existing problems and further research contents are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U443.38
本文編號：2158720
[Abstract]:With the increasing span of the bridge span, the traditional Graso, because of its great self importance, obvious droop effect and low bearing efficiency, restricts the improvement of the span of the super large span bridge. At the same time, the fatigue strength of the traditional Graso is not high, the corrosion resistance is poor, and the life of the steel cable is greatly shortened by the coupling of fatigue and corrosion, which affects the steel cable. For a long time, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) has been widely used in the field of reinforcement and reinforcement in civil engineering for thirty years because of its excellent mechanical and chemical properties, such as light weight, high strength, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance. FRP cable is one of the most effective application ways of FRP materials. Taking full advantage of the advantages of light weight, high tensile strength, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, avoiding the anisotropy of FRP material, when FRP cable is applied to the super large span bridge structure, it can not only effectively reduce the weight of the cable, increase the span of the super large span bridge, but also effectively improve the long service performance of the cable, and the FRP cable is the improvement over the superstructure. The short term and long term performance of large span bridges provides an effective way for the.FRP cable to be applied to the super large span bridge, which can realize the lightweight of the super large span bridge. However, the research on the mechanical performance of the FRP lightweight and super large span bridge is not enough, especially the vibration problem caused by the light quantization of FRP. The research on the vibration characteristics and damping properties of the cable needs to be carried out on the basis of the test. But because of the lack of application examples of the FRP cables of the super long span bridge, the research and analysis of the vibration characteristics and damping properties of the FRP cable are mainly used in the semi empirical and semi theoretical method, the support and verification of the lack of test. At the same time, how to take the whole bridge into consideration In order to optimize the structural design of FRP lightweight and super large span bridge, the problem of building a bridge with greater material utilization efficiency is also urgently needed to be solved. This paper, focusing on the above problems of FRP lightweight, combines theoretical analysis and experimental research, from the overall structural performance and economic performance. The evaluation and the vibration characteristics of the cable are studied in three aspects. The specific research contents and results include: (1) based on the similarity criterion, the two most representative cable-stayed cables in the Sutong Bridge are selected as the prototype, and the model vibration test of steel cable, CFRP pull cable and BFRP cable, and the cable vibration test are carried out according to the free attenuation vibration method. The results show that the designed cable model vibration test can effectively simulate the vibration characteristics of the actual cable, and the damping analysis results of the vibration test in the cable plane show that the modal damping ratio of the vibration in the FRP cable is greater than that of the steel cable. It is proved that the lightening of the cable is beneficial to the improvement of the vibration damping and energy dissipation in the plane. In addition, the cable surface is also improved. The damping analysis of the external vibration test shows that the damping ratio of the cable is inversely proportional to the frequency of the vibration. Based on the energy dissipation theory and the modal shape curvature method, the formula of the modal damping ratio of the cable is corrected, and the damping energy coefficient of the dynamic strain of the FRP cable is calculated according to the modified formula, and the test knot of the cable vibration is combined. The feasibility of evaluating the damping characteristics of different materials is proved by the dynamic strain damping energy coefficient. (2) the vibration characteristics and damping properties of a new FRP self damping cable are studied by the model vibration experiment. The comparison of the vibration test results shows that the FRP self reducing Jinraso can adjust itself according to the amplitude of the cable. The damping characteristic is used to realize the self damping property of the FRP cable. At the same time, based on the damping energy theory and the viscoelastic damping theory, the calculation method of the modal damping ratio of the FRP self damping cable is proposed. By comparing the theoretical calculation results with the experimental results, it is proved that the proposed method can effectively predict the modal damping of the FRP self damping cable. (3) through the analysis of the key mechanical properties parameters and economic performance parameters of different material FRP cables, the reasonable span interval of different material FRP cables is determined, and a design scheme of a cable-stayed bridge with different material FRP cables mixed in the different span of the same bridge is proposed. A cross sea bridge with the main span of 2038m is taken as a cross sea bridge. For example, the static, dynamic performance and economic performance of the FRP mixed cable-stayed bridge are studied. The analysis results show that the FRP mixed cable-stayed bridge scheme can meet the requirements of the static structural design of the super span cable-stayed bridge, and can effectively improve the vibration frequency of the whole bridge, reduce the response of the bridge seismic displacement, and improve the resistance of the whole bridge. At the same time, the whole life cycle cost analysis of the cable shows that the FRP mixed cable-stayed bridge has the best economic performance in the design scheme satisfying the requirements of the super long span bridge structure. (4) the design scheme of the cable-stayed bridge based on the FRP mixed cable-stayed cable is based on the Suzhou bridge as the prototype, and the FRP mixed layout is put forward according to the similarity criterion. The design scheme of cable model bridge is designed in detail according to the requirements of similar stiffness and similar quality. The main components of the stiffened beam, cable tower, cable, pier and other model bridges are detailed, and the construction analysis of the FRP mixed cable model bridge is carried out according to the reverse method, which provides a reference for the actual construction analysis of the FRP mixed cable stayed cable-stayed bridge. (5) A super span suspension bridge with a main span of 3300m is taken as an example. Through the finite element analysis, the static and dynamic performance of the super span suspension bridge with different material FRP cables (especially the hybrid FRP cables) is studied. Compared with the traditional steel cable suspension bridge, the FRP cable can increase the limit span of the suspension bridge, improve the carrying efficiency of the cable and improve the material utilization of the cable. Furthermore, the static performance of the whole bridge is optimized, and the lightening of the cable can improve the vibration frequency of the super large span bridge and improve the wind stability of the whole bridge. At the same time, the FRP cable with small weight and good damping performance can effectively reduce the seismic response of the whole bridge and improve the seismic safety of the bridge. The life cycle cost assessment of the cable is based on the analysis of the maintenance cost analysis of the first FOS highway bridge which is fully maintained by the main cable. The results show that the FRP cable can effectively improve the economic benefit of the oversuspension bridge because of its good anti fatigue and corrosion resistance. The results are summarized, the main innovation points of the paper are sorted out, and the existing problems and further research contents are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U443.38
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