【摘要】：隨著我國鐵路的迅猛發(fā)展,鐵路隧道的建設(shè)規(guī)模和數(shù)量也日益增多。由于隧道所處地質(zhì)環(huán)境復(fù)雜多變,底部結(jié)構(gòu)上拱現(xiàn)象時有發(fā)生,嚴重影響了鐵路運營和工程建設(shè)的安全,因此,開展對鐵路隧道底部上拱機理及整治技術(shù)的研究具有重要的理論意義和工程實用價值。本文針對鐵路隧道底部結(jié)構(gòu)上拱病害,圍繞隧底上拱機理及整治技術(shù),通過現(xiàn)場調(diào)查、理論分析以及數(shù)值模擬,統(tǒng)計分析了產(chǎn)生隧底上拱的主要影響因素、原因及機理,研究了不同影響因素對隧道底部結(jié)構(gòu)變形和受力的影響,提出了隧底上拱病害的整治措施。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)統(tǒng)計分析了產(chǎn)生隧底上拱的主要影響因素、原因及機理。通過調(diào)查全路10條線共18座隧道底部結(jié)構(gòu)上拱病害情況,統(tǒng)計了隧底上拱的主要影響因素,依次為地下水、施工質(zhì)量、膨脹巖、結(jié)構(gòu)匹配性及地應(yīng)力,分析了隧底發(fā)生上拱的漸進性演變規(guī)律,隧底上拱與時間密切相關(guān),在底部圍巖出現(xiàn)一定范圍劣損破壞后產(chǎn)生。(2)研究了不同影響因素對隧道底部結(jié)構(gòu)變形和受力的影響。通過有限元軟件模擬了隧道發(fā)生上拱時底部結(jié)構(gòu)變形和受力分布特征,仰拱填充層頂面基本表現(xiàn)為受拉,且中心水溝及其兩側(cè)填充層頂面中部位置主拉應(yīng)力較大,并由頂面向結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部減小。分析了底部結(jié)構(gòu)變形和受力隨不同影響因素的變化趨勢,明確了各因素對底部結(jié)構(gòu)變形和受力的影響程度,由大到小依次為膨脹力、仰拱矢跨比、仰拱厚度、圍巖劣化程度。(3)提出了鐵路隧道底部上拱病害的整治措施,明確了技術(shù)特點、適用范圍以及關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。錨注一體化通過錨桿和漿料的共同作用,提高了底部圍巖完整性并隔絕了地下水;“輕型井點降水+注漿”降低了地下水位,提高了底部圍巖的承載力;隧道換底技術(shù)通過拆除既有基底結(jié)構(gòu)并強化設(shè)計,提高了結(jié)構(gòu)抗力;基底換填通過置換不良地層,提高了底部圍巖抵抗變形的能力。(4)以獅子嶺隧道底部上拱病害為例,結(jié)合隧道自身結(jié)構(gòu)特點,提出了下沉式縱橫梁長距離架空線路換底整治措施,隧道采用的縱梁懸掛橫梁方案施工便利且縱橫梁體系穩(wěn)定可靠,實現(xiàn)了有限天窗時間內(nèi)長距離開挖段線路的全部架空,多個開挖段同步快速換底施工,保證了運營安全,取得了良好的工程效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of railway in China, the construction scale and quantity of railway tunnel are increasing day by day. Because the geological environment in which the tunnel is located is complex and changeable, the phenomenon of arch on the bottom structure occurs from time to time, which seriously affects the safety of railway operation and engineering construction. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the mechanism of the upper arch at the bottom of the railway tunnel and the remediation technology. Aiming at the disease of the upper arch in the bottom structure of railway tunnel, the paper analyzes the main influencing factors, causes and mechanism of the arch on the bottom of the tunnel by field investigation, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The influence of different factors on the deformation and stress of the tunnel bottom structure is studied, and the treatment measures of the tunnel bottom arch disease are put forward. The main contents are as follows: (1) the main influencing factors, causes and mechanism of the tunnel bottom arch are analyzed statistically. Through the investigation of the disease of the arch on the bottom structure of 18 tunnels on 10 lines of the whole road, the main influencing factors of the arch at the bottom of the tunnel are analyzed, including groundwater, construction quality, expansive rock, structural matching and in-situ stress, in order of ground water, construction quality, expansive rock, structure matching and in-situ stress. The progressive evolution law of the upper arch in the bottom of the tunnel is analyzed. The arch of the bottom is closely related to time and occurs after a certain range of bad damage occurs in the surrounding rock at the bottom. (2) the influence of different factors on the deformation and force of the structure at the bottom of the tunnel is studied. The deformation and stress distribution characteristics of the bottom structure of the tunnel are simulated by finite element software. The top surface of the inverted arch filled layer is basically under tension, and the main tensile stress is larger in the central ditch and the middle part of the top surface of the filling layer on both sides. And the interior of the structure is reduced by the top-facing structure. The variation trend of deformation and force of bottom structure with different influencing factors is analyzed, and the degree of influence of each factor on deformation and force of bottom structure is clarified. The order from large to small is expansion force, rise-span ratio of inverted arch, thickness of inverted arch. (3) the treatment measures of the bottom arch disease of railway tunnel are put forward, and the technical characteristics, applicable range and key parameters are defined. The integration of anchor and grouting improves the integrity of the surrounding rock at the bottom and insulates the groundwater through the joint action of the anchor rod and the slurry, and reduces the groundwater level and increases the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock at the bottom by "light well point dewatering grouting". By removing the existing base structure and strengthening the design, the tunnel bottom changing technology improves the resistance of the structure, and the base replacement improves the ability of the bottom wall rock to resist the deformation by replacing the bad stratum. (4) taking the disease of the upper arch at the bottom of the Shihiling tunnel as an example, Combined with the structural characteristics of the tunnel itself, this paper puts forward the bottom changing measures for the long distance overhead lines of the submerged longitudinal and horizontal beams. The longitudinal beam suspension beam scheme adopted in the tunnel is convenient in construction and the system of the longitudinal and horizontal beams is stable and reliable. All the lines of the long distance excavation section in the finite skylight time are set up, and several excavation sections are constructed synchronously and quickly, which ensures the safety of operation and achieves good engineering effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國鐵道科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U457.2

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