地鐵區(qū)間隧道半橫向通風排煙效果的影響因素研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-24 15:00
【摘要】：地鐵隧道是一個狹長且較為封閉的空間,與外界的連通口有限。如果列車在區(qū)間隧道中部著火且無法行駛到下一站的情況下,火災產(chǎn)生的大量高溫煙氣將會對乘客的生命安全構成嚴重的威脅。地鐵隧道排煙系統(tǒng)就是將火災產(chǎn)生的煙氣及時的排出,給乘客一個較為安全的疏散空間�？v向排煙方式是目前最為常見的地鐵隧道排煙方式,但這種方式有一個弊端,就是當列車中部著火的時候,無論從哪一側排煙,總有一部分乘客置于煙氣之中。為了解決這一問題,人們提出全橫向排煙和半橫向排煙兩種方式。全橫向排煙方式由于投資較大,占用隧道空間較多,故很少采用。半橫向排煙方式具有其它兩種排煙方式的優(yōu)點,能保證絕大部分乘客不被煙氣湮沒,是一種較為理想的地鐵區(qū)間隧道排煙方式。本文假定列車車廂中部著火且無法繼續(xù)行駛的情況下,利用數(shù)值模擬與實驗兩種方法研究排煙道高度、排煙口開啟個數(shù)以及排煙風速對半橫向通風排煙方式排煙效果的影響。本文選取某地鐵區(qū)間隧道為原型,根據(jù)弗諾德模型,建立了比例為1:10的模型隧道,模型隧道長15m,斷面尺寸為0.72m×0.48m。此外,本文利用FDS數(shù)值模擬軟件建立了全尺寸地鐵區(qū)間隧道物理模型,對地鐵區(qū)間隧道半橫向通風排煙的排煙效果進行了數(shù)值模擬研究。具體研究包括以下內容:1)建立了比例為1:10的地鐵區(qū)間隧道模型實驗臺,研究了火源強度為5MW時,煙氣自然填充、自然通風排煙和半橫向通風排煙的排煙效果。2)利用實驗方法研究了火源強度為5MW時,不同排煙道高度、排煙口開啟個數(shù)及排煙風速對半橫向通風排煙效果的影響。3)利用FDS軟件數(shù)值模擬研究了自然填充、自然通風排煙和半橫向通風排煙這三種排煙方式下的煙氣蔓延情況、隧道溫度和CO濃度的分布情況,并且對比了數(shù)值模擬結果和實驗結果下的頂棚溫度和人眼特征高度處的溫度,驗證了數(shù)值模擬的可靠性。此外,利用FDS數(shù)值模擬研究了不同排煙道高度、排煙口開啟個數(shù)及排煙風速對半橫向通風排煙效果的影響。
[Abstract]:Subway tunnel is a narrow and relatively closed space with limited access to the outside world. If the train is on fire in the middle of the tunnel and can not reach the next station, the fire will cause a great deal of high temperature smoke, which will pose a serious threat to the safety of passengers. The smoke exhaust system of subway tunnel is to exhaust the smoke produced by fire in time to give passengers a safe evacuation space. Longitudinal smoke exhaust is the most common way to exhaust smoke in subway tunnel at present, but there is a drawback that when the middle of the train is on fire, no matter which side of the train is on fire, some passengers are always put into the smoke. In order to solve this problem, people put forward two types of smoke exhaust: full-lateral and semi-lateral. Because of the large investment and the more space occupied by tunnel, the all-lateral smoke exhaust mode is seldom used. The semi-lateral exhaust mode has the advantages of the other two ways, which can ensure that most of the passengers will not be annihilated by smoke, so it is an ideal way to exhaust smoke from subway tunnel. In this paper, under the assumption that the middle part of the train car is on fire and can not go on, the influence of flue height, the number of flue openings open and the exhaust wind speed on the smoke exhaust effect of semi-transverse ventilation and exhaust mode is studied by numerical simulation and experiment. In this paper, a tunnel in a subway section is selected as the prototype. According to the Vernon model, a model tunnel with a ratio of 1:10 is established. The length of the model tunnel is 15m and the section size is 0.72m 脳 0.48m. In addition, the physical model of full-scale subway tunnel is established by using FDS software, and the smoke exhaust effect of semi-lateral ventilation in subway tunnel is studied numerically. The specific research includes the following contents: 1) A subway tunnel model test bench with a ratio of 1:10 has been established, and the natural filling of smoke when the intensity of the fire source is 5MW is studied. The effect of natural ventilation and semi-transverse ventilation on exhaust smoke. 2) using the experimental method to study the different flue heights when the intensity of fire source is 5MW. The influence of the number of smoke outlet opening and the exhaust wind speed on the effect of semi-transverse ventilation and exhaust smoke. 3) using FDS software to simulate the smoke spread of natural filling, natural ventilation and semi-transverse ventilation. The distribution of tunnel temperature and CO concentration is compared with the results of numerical simulation and experimental results. The reliability of the numerical simulation is verified by comparing the temperature of roof and the temperature at the characteristic height of human eyes. In addition, FDS numerical simulation was used to study the effects of different flue height, number of flue opening and exhaust wind speed on the effect of semi-transverse ventilation.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U231.5;U453.5
本文編號：2141749
[Abstract]:Subway tunnel is a narrow and relatively closed space with limited access to the outside world. If the train is on fire in the middle of the tunnel and can not reach the next station, the fire will cause a great deal of high temperature smoke, which will pose a serious threat to the safety of passengers. The smoke exhaust system of subway tunnel is to exhaust the smoke produced by fire in time to give passengers a safe evacuation space. Longitudinal smoke exhaust is the most common way to exhaust smoke in subway tunnel at present, but there is a drawback that when the middle of the train is on fire, no matter which side of the train is on fire, some passengers are always put into the smoke. In order to solve this problem, people put forward two types of smoke exhaust: full-lateral and semi-lateral. Because of the large investment and the more space occupied by tunnel, the all-lateral smoke exhaust mode is seldom used. The semi-lateral exhaust mode has the advantages of the other two ways, which can ensure that most of the passengers will not be annihilated by smoke, so it is an ideal way to exhaust smoke from subway tunnel. In this paper, under the assumption that the middle part of the train car is on fire and can not go on, the influence of flue height, the number of flue openings open and the exhaust wind speed on the smoke exhaust effect of semi-transverse ventilation and exhaust mode is studied by numerical simulation and experiment. In this paper, a tunnel in a subway section is selected as the prototype. According to the Vernon model, a model tunnel with a ratio of 1:10 is established. The length of the model tunnel is 15m and the section size is 0.72m 脳 0.48m. In addition, the physical model of full-scale subway tunnel is established by using FDS software, and the smoke exhaust effect of semi-lateral ventilation in subway tunnel is studied numerically. The specific research includes the following contents: 1) A subway tunnel model test bench with a ratio of 1:10 has been established, and the natural filling of smoke when the intensity of the fire source is 5MW is studied. The effect of natural ventilation and semi-transverse ventilation on exhaust smoke. 2) using the experimental method to study the different flue heights when the intensity of fire source is 5MW. The influence of the number of smoke outlet opening and the exhaust wind speed on the effect of semi-transverse ventilation and exhaust smoke. 3) using FDS software to simulate the smoke spread of natural filling, natural ventilation and semi-transverse ventilation. The distribution of tunnel temperature and CO concentration is compared with the results of numerical simulation and experimental results. The reliability of the numerical simulation is verified by comparing the temperature of roof and the temperature at the characteristic height of human eyes. In addition, FDS numerical simulation was used to study the effects of different flue height, number of flue opening and exhaust wind speed on the effect of semi-transverse ventilation.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U231.5;U453.5
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