【摘要】：隨著我國軌道交通的發(fā)展,隧道選線時不可避免的需穿越高水壓富水地層,以往遇到高水壓富水地層問題,往往采取“以排為主”的防排水設計原則,對水荷載的考慮較少,但對生態(tài)環(huán)境和工程都會造成諸多不利的影響。本文為保護生態(tài)環(huán)境和保障工程的耐久性、安全性,以“主動堵水,限量排放”為理念進行隧道設計,考慮水荷載對隧道結構及穩(wěn)定性的影響。本文在重慶市自然科學基金計劃資助下,以重慶市軌道交通領域第一條長大山嶺隧道即1號線中梁山隧道為依托工程,采用理論分析、現(xiàn)場試驗、數(shù)值模擬等方法對富水巖溶隧道襯砌外水壓力及結構受力特征等進行了系統(tǒng)深入的研究,取得以下主要成果:①通過對工程水文地質(zhì)資料的調(diào)查,分析了水對隧道圍巖和襯砌結構穩(wěn)定性的影響特征,得到水對圍巖穩(wěn)定性的影響主要表現(xiàn)為圍巖粘聚力、內(nèi)摩擦角和有效應力的降低,水對襯砌穩(wěn)定性的影響主要表現(xiàn)為水在混凝土襯砌的微裂紋內(nèi)運動產(chǎn)生了劈裂力和巖溶水對鋼筋的腐蝕。②通過對中梁山隧道施工過程中的襯砌結構受力及襯砌外水壓力進行現(xiàn)場量測試驗,獲得了襯砌結構受力隨時間的變化規(guī)律和不同排水孔失效區(qū)段長度下隧道襯砌外水壓力的變化規(guī)律③在現(xiàn)場試驗和數(shù)值模擬的基礎上分析了襯砌背后排水系統(tǒng)暢通性對隧道圍巖、加固圈、襯砌的滲流場分布的影響,獲得了隨著排水失效長度的增大,注漿加固圈、初期支護及二次襯砌的水壓力的變化規(guī)律。通過FLAC3D對隧道開挖過程進行了模擬,獲得了隧道開挖過程中圍巖、加固圈、襯砌結構的分布規(guī)律和受力特征。④通過分析不同注漿加固圈厚度和滲透系數(shù)對隧道加固圈、初期支護及二次襯砌的滲流場、應力場、位移場及穩(wěn)定性的影響,得到了隨著加固圈厚度和滲透系數(shù)的變化,隧道加固圈、初期支護及二次襯砌的滲流場、應力場、位移場的分布規(guī)律、變化特征和二次襯砌穩(wěn)定性的變化規(guī)律,并提出了合理的注漿加固圈設計參數(shù)。⑤針對隧道開挖后形成的(非)穩(wěn)定滲流場問題,以伯努利方程和達西定律為基礎,推導了(非)穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流下滲透系數(shù)與水壓力之間的關系,定性驗證了數(shù)值模擬結果的可信性。
[Abstract]:With the development of rail transit in our country, it is inevitable to pass through the high water pressure and water rich ground layer when selecting the tunnel route. In the past, the problem of high water pressure and water rich ground layer is often adopted by the principle of "drainage as the main factor", and the water load is less considered. However, the ecological environment and engineering will cause a lot of adverse effects. In order to protect the ecological environment and ensure the durability and safety of engineering, this paper takes "active water plugging, limited discharge" as the concept of tunnel design, considering the influence of water load on tunnel structure and stability. In this paper, with the support of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation and the first long mountain tunnel in the field of railway transportation in Chongqing, which is Zhongliangshan Tunnel on Line 1, theoretical analysis and field test are adopted. By numerical simulation and other methods, the external water pressure and structural stress characteristics of the lining of water-rich karst tunnel are studied systematically and deeply. The following main results are obtained: 1 through the investigation of engineering hydrogeological data, The influence of water on the stability of surrounding rock and lining structure of tunnel is analyzed. It is found that the influence of water on the stability of surrounding rock is mainly manifested by the decrease of cohesion, angle of internal friction and effective stress of surrounding rock. The influence of water on the stability of lining mainly shows that the movement of water in the micro-crack of concrete lining produces splitting force and the corrosion of steel bar by karst water. 2. Through the construction of Zhongliangshan Tunnel, the force on the lining structure and the lining are carried out. Field measurement test of external water pressure, The variation of stress on lining structure with time and the variation of external water pressure of tunnel lining under different failure section length of drainage hole are obtained. 3 on the basis of field test and numerical simulation, the unobstructed drainage system behind lining is analyzed. On the tunnel surrounding rock, The influence of seepage field distribution of reinforced ring and lining on the water pressure of grouting ring, primary support and secondary lining is obtained with the increase of drainage failure length. The tunnel excavation process is simulated by FLAC3D, and the distribution law and stress characteristics of surrounding rock, reinforcement ring and lining structure during tunnel excavation are obtained. 4. Through analyzing the thickness and permeability coefficient of different grouting reinforcement ring, the tunnel reinforcement ring is obtained. With the influence of seepage field, stress field, displacement field and stability of primary support and secondary lining, the seepage field and stress field of tunnel reinforcement ring, initial support and secondary lining are obtained with the change of the thickness and permeability coefficient of reinforcement ring. The distribution law of displacement field, variation characteristic and variation law of secondary lining stability are put forward. A reasonable design parameter of grouting reinforcement ring is proposed to solve the problem of (non-stable) seepage field formed after tunnel excavation. Based on Bernoulli equation and Darcy's law, the relationship between permeability coefficient and water pressure under unsteady seepage is derived, and the credibility of numerical simulation results is verified qualitatively.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U451

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