預緊式安全帶對乘員的保護效果研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-18 15:21
【摘要】：在交通事故發(fā)生時,汽車安全帶是最重要的乘員保護裝置。為保證乘員的舒適,安全帶在正常佩戴時總會存在一定的織帶松弛量,這會降低乘員約束系統(tǒng)的保護效果。預緊式安全帶能夠有效地消除織帶松弛量,其中較廣泛地被使用的是火藥式卷收器預緊、帶扣預緊等類型。隨著技術的革新,雙級預緊器逐漸被汽車公司提出,一些文獻表明:相對于傳統(tǒng)單邊預緊安全帶,雙級預緊器能夠提高乘員的約束效率,并對減小乘員下潛風險以及改善大腿損傷起到重要作用。基于此,本文提出了一種新型雙邊預緊器,能夠在單預緊器的基礎上實現(xiàn)雙級預緊器的功能。進一步,通過對該雙邊預緊、卷收器預緊、帶扣預緊三種預緊方式展開仿真對比研究,以評價這三種預緊器的性能特點。具體研究內容如下:1、提出了新型雙邊預緊結構并利用C ATIA對其進行了概念設計,再基于MADYMO建立與驗證了正碰駕駛員側約束系統(tǒng)模型,在此基礎上分別建立雙邊預緊、帶扣預緊和卷收器預緊的安全帶模型,對比分析了三者的性能參數(shù)和在典型碰撞工況中乘員RIDE-DOWN能量效率及損傷響應情況。2、基于三種預緊安全帶對安全帶織帶剛度、預緊開始時刻、安全帶上掛點高度、腰帶位置四個參數(shù)進行正交試驗設計,并采用極差分析的方法對比分析了這四個參數(shù)對三種預緊式安全帶作用下的乘員保護效果的影響。3、建立基于MA DYMO主動人體模型的約束系統(tǒng)模型,分別在正常工況和危險工況下,對比研究三種預緊器作用下人體模型的腹部損傷情況。結果表明,卷收器預緊受到預緊力大小的限制使得約束效能有限,而雙邊預緊器及帶扣預緊器可以通過增大預緊力來提高預緊量及預緊效率,且RIDE-DO WN能量效率高,也有利于減小大腿力。帶扣預緊器能較大地減小胸部壓縮量,而雙邊預緊器作用下的乘員整體保護效果最好,帶扣預緊器其次,卷收器預緊最差。另外,對于不同的預緊式安全帶,影響其對乘員保護效果的參數(shù)最優(yōu)水平值均有所不同,該研究能為不同預緊式安全帶在約束系統(tǒng)中的更好匹配提供參考。正常工況下預緊類型對乘員腹部損傷影響小,正確地佩戴安全帶以及約束系統(tǒng)較好的匹配能夠很好的改善腹部損傷;危險工況下雙邊預緊安全帶能夠減小乘員下潛風險,其腹部保護效果比其余兩種預緊方式好,此外,帶扣預緊安全帶作用下的乘員腹部損傷風險比卷收器預緊安全帶要小。本文的研究結果對改進現(xiàn)有預緊方式以及開發(fā)新的預緊器具有一定指導意義。
[Abstract]:Car seat belts are the most important occupant protection device in traffic accidents. In order to ensure the comfort of the occupants, there will always be a certain amount of belt relaxation in the normal wearing of the seat belt, which will reduce the protective effect of the occupant restraint system. Pre-fastening seatbelt can effectively eliminate the loose amount of ribbon, among which, it is widely used in the types of gunpowder reel preload, belt buckle preload and so on. With the innovation of technology, the two-stage preload has been gradually proposed by the automobile company. Some literatures show that the two-stage preload can improve the constraint efficiency of the occupants compared with the traditional one-sided pretightening seatbelt. It also plays an important role in reducing the risk of diving and improving thigh injury. Based on this, this paper presents a new type of two-sided preloader, which can realize the function of two-stage preloader on the basis of single preloader. In order to evaluate the performance of the three kinds of pretightening methods, three pretightening modes, such as bilateral preload, coil preload and buckle preload, are simulated and compared. The specific research contents are as follows: 1. A new type of two-sided preload structure is proposed and designed with the help of CTIA. Based on MADYMO, the model of the forward-collision driver side constraint system is established and verified. On this basis, the two-sided pre-tightening is established respectively. The seatbelt model with buckle preload and coiler preload is compared and analyzed, and the energy efficiency and damage response of the occupant RIDE-DOWN in typical collision condition are analyzed. Based on the stiffness of three kinds of preloaded seat belts, At the beginning of pretightening, the four parameters, the height of the seat belt and the position of the belt, are designed by orthogonal test. The influence of these four parameters on the occupant protection effect under the action of three kinds of pretightening seat belts is analyzed by means of range analysis. The restraint system model based on MA DYMO active human body model is established, which is respectively under normal and dangerous conditions. A comparative study of abdominal injury in human models under the action of three prestressing devices was carried out. The results show that the preload of the winder is limited by the pretightening force, while the bilateral preload and the preload with buckle can increase the preload and preload efficiency by increasing the preload force, and the energy efficiency of RIDE-DO WN is higher than that of the RIDE-DO WN. It also helps to reduce the strength of the thighs. The preload with buckle can greatly reduce the compression of the chest, while the overall protection effect of the occupants under the action of the bilateral preload is the best, the preload with the buckle is the second, and the coil is the worst. In addition, for different pre-fastening seat belts, the optimal level values of the parameters affecting the occupant protection effectiveness are different. This study can provide a reference for the better matching of different pre-fastening seat belts in the restraint system. Under normal working condition, the type of preload has little effect on the occupant's abdominal injury, the correct wearing of seat belt and the better matching of restraint system can improve the abdominal injury, and the bilateral pretightening of seat belt can reduce the risk of occupant diving under dangerous working conditions. The effect of abdominal protection is better than that of the other two pretightening modes. In addition, the risk of abdominal injury of the occupants with buckle and buckle is lower than that of the coiler. The results of this paper have some guiding significance for improving the existing preload mode and developing new preload apparatus.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.61
本文編號：2132323
[Abstract]:Car seat belts are the most important occupant protection device in traffic accidents. In order to ensure the comfort of the occupants, there will always be a certain amount of belt relaxation in the normal wearing of the seat belt, which will reduce the protective effect of the occupant restraint system. Pre-fastening seatbelt can effectively eliminate the loose amount of ribbon, among which, it is widely used in the types of gunpowder reel preload, belt buckle preload and so on. With the innovation of technology, the two-stage preload has been gradually proposed by the automobile company. Some literatures show that the two-stage preload can improve the constraint efficiency of the occupants compared with the traditional one-sided pretightening seatbelt. It also plays an important role in reducing the risk of diving and improving thigh injury. Based on this, this paper presents a new type of two-sided preloader, which can realize the function of two-stage preloader on the basis of single preloader. In order to evaluate the performance of the three kinds of pretightening methods, three pretightening modes, such as bilateral preload, coil preload and buckle preload, are simulated and compared. The specific research contents are as follows: 1. A new type of two-sided preload structure is proposed and designed with the help of CTIA. Based on MADYMO, the model of the forward-collision driver side constraint system is established and verified. On this basis, the two-sided pre-tightening is established respectively. The seatbelt model with buckle preload and coiler preload is compared and analyzed, and the energy efficiency and damage response of the occupant RIDE-DOWN in typical collision condition are analyzed. Based on the stiffness of three kinds of preloaded seat belts, At the beginning of pretightening, the four parameters, the height of the seat belt and the position of the belt, are designed by orthogonal test. The influence of these four parameters on the occupant protection effect under the action of three kinds of pretightening seat belts is analyzed by means of range analysis. The restraint system model based on MA DYMO active human body model is established, which is respectively under normal and dangerous conditions. A comparative study of abdominal injury in human models under the action of three prestressing devices was carried out. The results show that the preload of the winder is limited by the pretightening force, while the bilateral preload and the preload with buckle can increase the preload and preload efficiency by increasing the preload force, and the energy efficiency of RIDE-DO WN is higher than that of the RIDE-DO WN. It also helps to reduce the strength of the thighs. The preload with buckle can greatly reduce the compression of the chest, while the overall protection effect of the occupants under the action of the bilateral preload is the best, the preload with the buckle is the second, and the coil is the worst. In addition, for different pre-fastening seat belts, the optimal level values of the parameters affecting the occupant protection effectiveness are different. This study can provide a reference for the better matching of different pre-fastening seat belts in the restraint system. Under normal working condition, the type of preload has little effect on the occupant's abdominal injury, the correct wearing of seat belt and the better matching of restraint system can improve the abdominal injury, and the bilateral pretightening of seat belt can reduce the risk of occupant diving under dangerous working conditions. The effect of abdominal protection is better than that of the other two pretightening modes. In addition, the risk of abdominal injury of the occupants with buckle and buckle is lower than that of the coiler. The results of this paper have some guiding significance for improving the existing preload mode and developing new preload apparatus.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.61
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