發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-16 22:28

【摘要】：冬季,我國北方寒冷地區(qū)的河流經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生冰塞或冰壩現(xiàn)象,冰塞的出現(xiàn)會減小過水?dāng)嗝婷娣e,減小冰蓋下的過流能力,使河道中的水位顯著壅高。水位的壅高,或者冰塞體解體潰決時(shí)導(dǎo)致的冰凌洪水,常常使河道的上、下游發(fā)生淹沒災(zāi)害,給國計(jì)民生帶來重大的損失。同時(shí),河道中橋墩的存在進(jìn)一步改變了原有的水力條件和邊界條件,對冰塞形成及演變產(chǎn)生影響,加劇了河道中橋梁的安全威脅。因而開展橋墩對冰塞形成的臨界條件及厚度變化的影響分析對預(yù)防冰凌災(zāi)害具有重要的意義。借助于實(shí)驗(yàn)室的試驗(yàn)水槽,通過改變水流條件和冰流量條件,研究了橋墩存在以及橋墩位置不同時(shí)對冰塞形成的臨界條件和演變過程的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:橋墩的存在改變了橋墩附近的水流結(jié)構(gòu),使得橋墩附近水流輸冰能力相對增大,同水流條件下,冰塞的形成將需要更大的冰流量條件;同水流條件下,與單墩放置于兩彎連接處的直道段相比,單墩放置于彎道頂點(diǎn)處時(shí),橋墩斷面處冰塞形成需要更大的冰水流量比。相比于將橋墩安置在兩彎連接直道段,將橋墩安置于彎道頂點(diǎn)處時(shí),橋墩附近水流輸冰能力增大;在兩彎連接的直道段和彎道頂點(diǎn)處同時(shí)放置橋墩時(shí),彎道平衡冰塞厚度介于單墩放置于兩彎連接的直道段與單墩放置于彎道頂點(diǎn)處時(shí)的彎道平衡冰塞厚度之間。因此,當(dāng)橋墩放置于彎道頂點(diǎn)處時(shí),可將冰塞的不利影響減小到最低。
[Abstract]:In winter, ice jams or ice dams often occur in rivers in the cold regions of northern China. The appearance of ice jams will reduce the cross section area and reduce the overflow capacity under the ice cap, which will make the water level in the river stand significantly higher. The flood caused by the high water level or ice flood caused by the breakup and collapse of the ice slug often causes the flood disaster in the upper and lower reaches of the river and brings great losses to the national economy and the people's livelihood. At the same time, the existence of bridge piers in the river channel has further changed the original hydraulic conditions and boundary conditions, which has an impact on the formation and evolution of ice jams, and intensifies the threats to the safety of bridges in the river channels. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the influence of pier on the critical condition and thickness change of ice slug formation. By changing the conditions of flow and ice flow, the influence of the existence of piers and the location of piers on the critical conditions and evolution process of ice slug formation is studied by means of the experimental flume in the laboratory. The experimental results show that the existence of piers changes the flow structure near the piers, which makes the ice transport capacity of the bridge piers relatively larger. Under the same water flow conditions, the formation of ice slugs will require greater ice flow conditions, while under the same water flow conditions, the formation of ice slugs will require greater ice flow conditions. Compared with the straight section where the single pier is placed at the junction of two bends, when the single pier is placed at the top of the bend, the formation of ice slug at the section of the pier requires a larger ratio of ice to water flow. When the piers are placed in the straight section of the connection between two bends and the piers are placed at the top of the bend, the ice transport capacity near the piers increases, and the piers are placed at the straight section and the top of the bend at the same time. The thickness of the equilibrium ice plug is between the thickness of the single pier placed in the straight section of the connection between the two bends and the thickness of the equilibrium ice plug of the bend when the single pier is placed at the top of the bend. Therefore, when the pier is placed at the top of the bend, the adverse effects of the ice plug can be minimized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U443.22;U442.3

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