基于元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)的若干類型城市道路交叉口交通流特性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-13 19:15
【摘要】：城市道路交叉口作為城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)中典型的交通瓶頸,匯集了大量不同行駛方向的機(jī)動(dòng)車、非機(jī)動(dòng)車和行人,極易造成交通擁堵甚至引發(fā)交通事故,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致整個(gè)交通路網(wǎng)運(yùn)行效率的降低,產(chǎn)生大氣污染、噪音污染等負(fù)面影響,甚至造成大量的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,從而嚴(yán)重制約了城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。因此對(duì)城市道路交叉口的交通流特性進(jìn)行深入研究,構(gòu)建符合實(shí)際交通特征的交通流模型,探求其控制理論與管理方法,不僅可以豐富交通流理論的研究?jī)?nèi)容,而且對(duì)緩解城市交通擁堵、促進(jìn)城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的作用�；谠詣�(dòng)機(jī)的思想,本文構(gòu)建了多個(gè)交叉口仿真模型,并通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬,分析研究了城市道路交叉口處的交通流特性,從而為交叉口的交通管控制措施制定和渠化設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容為：(1)無(wú)信號(hào)控制情景下的T型交叉口交通流特性。利用NaSch模型對(duì)車輛運(yùn)行情況進(jìn)行模擬,引入了避免死鎖規(guī)則和沖突處理規(guī)則,構(gòu)建了無(wú)信號(hào)控制下的T型交叉口仿真模型。通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬,分析研究了不同方向車流對(duì)T型交叉口交通流特性的影響,模擬結(jié)果表明：正常情況下,當(dāng)右轉(zhuǎn)車比例增加時(shí),主路內(nèi)側(cè)車道和支路的流量會(huì)相應(yīng)的增加,但主路外側(cè)車道的流量則有所下降；然而,當(dāng)主路外側(cè)車道車輛流入率足夠大,且內(nèi)側(cè)車道車輛流入率足夠小時(shí),支路右轉(zhuǎn)車比例增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致主路外側(cè)車道的流量也出現(xiàn)增加的現(xiàn)象。(2)定時(shí)信號(hào)控制情景下的T型交叉口交通流特性。基于無(wú)信號(hào)控制下的T型交叉口仿真模型,進(jìn)一步引入了定時(shí)信號(hào)控制策略,采用新的沖突處理規(guī)則來(lái)對(duì)交叉口路權(quán)進(jìn)行分配,構(gòu)建了定時(shí)信號(hào)控制下的T型交叉口仿真模型。通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬,分析研究了主路綠燈時(shí)長(zhǎng)、車輛流入率和信號(hào)相位等因素對(duì)T型交叉口流量和延誤的影響。模擬結(jié)果表明：增加綠燈時(shí)長(zhǎng)確實(shí)可以提高(減少)其所控制車道的流量(延誤)：然而,若要優(yōu)化整個(gè)交叉口的通行能力,則需要根據(jù)各車道流量分配不同車道的綠燈時(shí)長(zhǎng)。當(dāng)定時(shí)信號(hào)配時(shí)方案確定的情況下,交叉口能夠通過(guò)的最大流量是固定的。相對(duì)于兩相位信號(hào)控制,增加了左轉(zhuǎn)專用相位的三相位信號(hào)控制,并沒有提高交叉口的通行能力,但可以避免各車道車流之間的沖突,提高交叉口通行安全。(3)無(wú)信號(hào)控制情景下U形轉(zhuǎn)彎對(duì)T型交叉口交通流特性的影響�；跓o(wú)信號(hào)控制下的T型交叉口仿真模型,增加了U形轉(zhuǎn)彎車流,并為此引入了新的避免死鎖規(guī)則和沖突處理規(guī)則,構(gòu)建了新的T型交叉口仿真模型。通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬,分析研究了U形轉(zhuǎn)彎對(duì)T型交叉口交通流特性的影響。模擬結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)車輛流入率較大時(shí),U形轉(zhuǎn)彎的存在會(huì)惡化交叉口的交通狀況,使得交叉口擁堵范圍和程度都有所增加；不同方向的U形轉(zhuǎn)彎對(duì)交叉口的交通狀況影響也不盡相同,影響最大的是主路外側(cè)車道上的U形轉(zhuǎn)彎。(4)不同駕駛行為對(duì)X型交叉口交通流特性的影響。利用NaSch模型對(duì)車輛運(yùn)行情況進(jìn)行模擬,假設(shè)車輛駕駛行為的轉(zhuǎn)變服從Weibull分布,引入了博弈論的思想解決不同駕駛行為的車輛在交叉口處的沖突問題,從而構(gòu)建了X型交叉口仿真模型。通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬,分析研究了不同駕駛行為對(duì)X型交叉口交通流特性的影響。模擬結(jié)果表明：駕駛員的違規(guī)行為會(huì)惡化主路的交通狀況,改善支路的交通狀況；但是違規(guī)者的存在會(huì)降低交叉口的安全性,產(chǎn)生更多的交通沖突和交通事故,導(dǎo)致交叉口擁堵甚至癱瘓。不同于以往的研究,在博弈論框架下的交叉口相圖中存在一個(gè)過(guò)渡態(tài)。在該狀態(tài)下,車輛的流量隨著車輛流入率的增加非線性增加。(5)交叉口處混合自行車流的交通特性和機(jī)非干擾特性。基于對(duì)自行車換道、自我保護(hù)和超車等行為的考慮,提出了一種新的混合自行車流元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)仿真模型。通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬,研究了混合自行車流的交通特性并得到了自行車流的密度-速度關(guān)系圖。研究結(jié)果表明該模型可以很好的模擬混合自行車流的運(yùn)動(dòng),并能反映出現(xiàn)實(shí)交通中觀測(cè)到的一些現(xiàn)象。在此模型的基礎(chǔ)上提出了交叉口處機(jī)非干擾模型,通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬研究了機(jī)非干擾特性。
[Abstract]:As a typical traffic bottleneck in urban traffic network, urban road intersection brings together a large number of vehicles with different driving directions, non motor vehicles and pedestrians, which can easily cause traffic congestion and even cause traffic accidents, resulting in the reduction of the efficiency of the whole traffic network, resulting in the negative effects of air pollution, noise pollution and so on. A large number of economic losses have seriously restricted the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, the traffic flow characteristics of the urban road intersection are deeply studied, the traffic flow model which conforms to the actual traffic characteristics, and its control theory and management methods can be explored not only to enrich the research content of the traffic flow theory, but also to alleviate the urban traffic. Congestion has an important role to promote the sustainable development of the city. Based on the idea of cellular automata, this paper constructs a number of intersections simulation model. Through numerical simulation, the traffic flow characteristics at the intersection of urban road are analyzed and studied, which provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of traffic control and control measures and channelization design at the intersection. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the traffic flow characteristics of T type intersection under the non signal control situation. Using the NaSch model to simulate the vehicle operation, introducing the avoidance of deadlock rules and conflict handling rules, the simulation model of the T type intersection under the non signal control is constructed. Through the numerical simulation, the different direction vehicle flow to the T is analyzed and studied. The simulation results show that, under normal circumstances, when the ratio of right turning is increased, the flow of the inner lane and branch of the main road will increase, but the flow in the lateral lane of the main road is reduced; however, the inflow rate of the vehicle in the main road side lane is large enough, and the inflow rate of the inside lane is small enough. At the time, the increase in the proportion of the right turntable in the branch road leads to the increase in the flow of the main road side lane. (2) the traffic flow characteristics of the T type intersection under the timing signal control situation. Based on the T type intersection simulation model without signal control, the timing signal control strategy is further introduced and the new conflict handling rules are used to the intersection road. The simulation model of T type intersection under the control of timing signal is constructed. Through numerical simulation, the influence of the length of the main road green light, the inflow rate and the signal phase on the flow and delay of the T type intersection is analyzed and studied. The simulation results show that the increase of the length of the green light can improve (reduce) the flow of the control lane. Amount (delay): however, in order to optimize the capacity of the entire intersection, it is necessary to allocate the green light of different lanes according to the flow of each lane. When the timing signal timing scheme is determined, the maximum flow rate that the intersection can pass is fixed. Compared with the two phase signal control, the three phase signal of the left turn special phase is added. Control does not improve the traffic capacity of the intersection, but it can avoid the conflict between the vehicles and streams in each lane and improve the safety of the intersection. (3) the influence of the U shape turn on the traffic flow characteristics of the T type intersection under the non signal control situation. Based on the T type intersection simulation model under the non signal control, the U shaped turning traffic is added, and a new method is introduced to this end. In order to avoid the deadlock rules and conflict handling rules, a new T type intersection simulation model is constructed. Through numerical simulation, the influence of U shape turn on traffic flow characteristics of T type intersection is analyzed. The simulation results show that the existence of U shape turn will deteriorate the traffic condition of the intersection and make the intersection congestion range when the vehicle inflow rate is large. The effect of U shape turning in different directions has different effects on traffic conditions at the intersection, and the most important is the U shape turn on the lateral lane of the main road. (4) the influence of different driving behavior on the traffic flow characteristics of the X type intersection. The vehicle operation is simulated with the NaSch model, and the driving behavior of the vehicle is assumed to be transferred. It follows the Weibull distribution, introduces the idea of game theory to solve the conflict problem of vehicles with different driving behavior at the intersection, and constructs a X type intersection simulation model. Through numerical simulation, the influence of different driving behavior on the traffic flow characteristics of the X type intersection is analyzed and studied. The simulation results show that the driver's violation behavior is bad. The traffic condition of the main road improves the traffic condition of the branch. However, the existence of the violators will reduce the safety of the intersection, produce more traffic conflicts and traffic accidents, and lead to the congestion and even paralysis of the intersection. The flow rate increases nonlinear with the increase of the vehicle inflow rate. (5) the traffic characteristics and the non interference characteristics of the mixed bicycle flow at the intersection. Based on the consideration of the behavior of cycling, self protection and overtaking, a new hybrid bicycle cellular automaton model is proposed. The mixed bicycle is studied by numerical simulation. The traffic characteristics of the vehicle flow and the density velocity diagram of the bicycle flow are obtained. The results show that the model can simulate the movement of the mixed bicycle flow well, and can reflect some phenomena observed in the actual traffic. On the basis of this model, the non interference model at the intersection is put forward, and the machine is studied by numerical simulation. Interference characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491
本文編號(hào)：2120470
[Abstract]:As a typical traffic bottleneck in urban traffic network, urban road intersection brings together a large number of vehicles with different driving directions, non motor vehicles and pedestrians, which can easily cause traffic congestion and even cause traffic accidents, resulting in the reduction of the efficiency of the whole traffic network, resulting in the negative effects of air pollution, noise pollution and so on. A large number of economic losses have seriously restricted the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, the traffic flow characteristics of the urban road intersection are deeply studied, the traffic flow model which conforms to the actual traffic characteristics, and its control theory and management methods can be explored not only to enrich the research content of the traffic flow theory, but also to alleviate the urban traffic. Congestion has an important role to promote the sustainable development of the city. Based on the idea of cellular automata, this paper constructs a number of intersections simulation model. Through numerical simulation, the traffic flow characteristics at the intersection of urban road are analyzed and studied, which provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of traffic control and control measures and channelization design at the intersection. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the traffic flow characteristics of T type intersection under the non signal control situation. Using the NaSch model to simulate the vehicle operation, introducing the avoidance of deadlock rules and conflict handling rules, the simulation model of the T type intersection under the non signal control is constructed. Through the numerical simulation, the different direction vehicle flow to the T is analyzed and studied. The simulation results show that, under normal circumstances, when the ratio of right turning is increased, the flow of the inner lane and branch of the main road will increase, but the flow in the lateral lane of the main road is reduced; however, the inflow rate of the vehicle in the main road side lane is large enough, and the inflow rate of the inside lane is small enough. At the time, the increase in the proportion of the right turntable in the branch road leads to the increase in the flow of the main road side lane. (2) the traffic flow characteristics of the T type intersection under the timing signal control situation. Based on the T type intersection simulation model without signal control, the timing signal control strategy is further introduced and the new conflict handling rules are used to the intersection road. The simulation model of T type intersection under the control of timing signal is constructed. Through numerical simulation, the influence of the length of the main road green light, the inflow rate and the signal phase on the flow and delay of the T type intersection is analyzed and studied. The simulation results show that the increase of the length of the green light can improve (reduce) the flow of the control lane. Amount (delay): however, in order to optimize the capacity of the entire intersection, it is necessary to allocate the green light of different lanes according to the flow of each lane. When the timing signal timing scheme is determined, the maximum flow rate that the intersection can pass is fixed. Compared with the two phase signal control, the three phase signal of the left turn special phase is added. Control does not improve the traffic capacity of the intersection, but it can avoid the conflict between the vehicles and streams in each lane and improve the safety of the intersection. (3) the influence of the U shape turn on the traffic flow characteristics of the T type intersection under the non signal control situation. Based on the T type intersection simulation model under the non signal control, the U shaped turning traffic is added, and a new method is introduced to this end. In order to avoid the deadlock rules and conflict handling rules, a new T type intersection simulation model is constructed. Through numerical simulation, the influence of U shape turn on traffic flow characteristics of T type intersection is analyzed. The simulation results show that the existence of U shape turn will deteriorate the traffic condition of the intersection and make the intersection congestion range when the vehicle inflow rate is large. The effect of U shape turning in different directions has different effects on traffic conditions at the intersection, and the most important is the U shape turn on the lateral lane of the main road. (4) the influence of different driving behavior on the traffic flow characteristics of the X type intersection. The vehicle operation is simulated with the NaSch model, and the driving behavior of the vehicle is assumed to be transferred. It follows the Weibull distribution, introduces the idea of game theory to solve the conflict problem of vehicles with different driving behavior at the intersection, and constructs a X type intersection simulation model. Through numerical simulation, the influence of different driving behavior on the traffic flow characteristics of the X type intersection is analyzed and studied. The simulation results show that the driver's violation behavior is bad. The traffic condition of the main road improves the traffic condition of the branch. However, the existence of the violators will reduce the safety of the intersection, produce more traffic conflicts and traffic accidents, and lead to the congestion and even paralysis of the intersection. The flow rate increases nonlinear with the increase of the vehicle inflow rate. (5) the traffic characteristics and the non interference characteristics of the mixed bicycle flow at the intersection. Based on the consideration of the behavior of cycling, self protection and overtaking, a new hybrid bicycle cellular automaton model is proposed. The mixed bicycle is studied by numerical simulation. The traffic characteristics of the vehicle flow and the density velocity diagram of the bicycle flow are obtained. The results show that the model can simulate the movement of the mixed bicycle flow well, and can reflect some phenomena observed in the actual traffic. On the basis of this model, the non interference model at the intersection is put forward, and the machine is studied by numerical simulation. Interference characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491
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