【摘要】：二十世紀(jì)以來(lái),城市交通擁堵問(wèn)題愈發(fā)突出、普遍,已經(jīng)成為嚴(yán)重制約城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的世界性難題。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者進(jìn)行了大量的研究,提出了運(yùn)用擁擠收費(fèi)這一交通需求管理措施來(lái)解決交通擁堵問(wèn)題,并且實(shí)踐證明是有效的。本文在傳統(tǒng)出行時(shí)間可靠度定義的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)路段的出行時(shí)間可靠度重新定義,建立了基于出行時(shí)間可靠度的擁擠收費(fèi)模型,為擁擠收費(fèi)的實(shí)施提供了有效的收費(fèi)方案。本文首先著重闡述了擁擠收費(fèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,介紹了典型的擁擠收費(fèi)理論定價(jià)模型,并指出傳統(tǒng)模型存在的缺點(diǎn)；根據(jù)收費(fèi)策略的不同對(duì)擁擠收費(fèi)進(jìn)行了分類(lèi),列舉了國(guó)內(nèi)外實(shí)施擁擠收費(fèi)城市的案例,重點(diǎn)分析了擁擠定價(jià)對(duì)擁擠收費(fèi)實(shí)施的影響。接著,在分析了傳統(tǒng)出行時(shí)間可靠度的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)中路段的出行時(shí)間可靠度重新進(jìn)行了定義并且給出了相應(yīng)的模型；重點(diǎn)分析了基于擁擠收費(fèi)的交通分配模型,建立了基于出行時(shí)間可靠度的擁擠收費(fèi)模型。上層模型為路段出行時(shí)間可靠度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差約束下的路網(wǎng)用戶(hù)總出行時(shí)間最��；下層模型為固定需求的用戶(hù)平衡問(wèn)題,并選用連續(xù)平均算法進(jìn)行求解。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出采用連續(xù)平均算法和遺傳算法的組合算法來(lái)對(duì)本文的雙層規(guī)劃模型進(jìn)行求解。最后,通過(guò)案例分析來(lái)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。案例首先確定了候選收費(fèi)路段,分別計(jì)算了在給定收費(fèi)路段數(shù)量的情況下路網(wǎng)的最小出行時(shí)間可靠度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差和最小總出行時(shí)間,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)收費(fèi)路段的增加會(huì)帶來(lái)減少路網(wǎng)用戶(hù)總出行時(shí)間的好處；在收費(fèi)路段相同的情況下,路網(wǎng)的總出行時(shí)間和出行時(shí)間可靠度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差不能同時(shí)達(dá)到最優(yōu),并且達(dá)到路網(wǎng)的出行時(shí)間可靠度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差最小時(shí)的費(fèi)率更高。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century, the problem of urban traffic congestion has become more and more prominent and universal, which has become a worldwide problem seriously restricting the development of urban economy. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research, and put forward the traffic demand management measures of congestion charge to solve the traffic congestion problem, and the practice proved to be effective. Based on the traditional definition of travel time reliability, this paper redefines the travel time reliability of road sections, and establishes a congestion toll model based on travel time reliability, which provides an effective toll scheme for the implementation of congestion charges. In this paper, the economic principle of congestion pricing is expounded, the typical pricing model of congestion pricing theory is introduced, and the shortcomings of the traditional model are pointed out, and the congestion pricing is classified according to the different charging strategies. This paper enumerates the cases of congestion charging cities at home and abroad, and analyzes the influence of congestion pricing on congestion pricing. Then, based on the analysis of the traditional travel time reliability, the paper redefines the travel time reliability of the road sections in the traffic network and gives the corresponding model, especially analyzes the traffic allocation model based on congestion charge. A congestion toll model based on travel time reliability is established. The upper model is the minimum total travel time of road network users under the constraint of travel time reliability standard deviation, and the lower level model is the user balance problem with fixed demand, and the continuous average algorithm is used to solve the problem. On this basis, a combination algorithm of continuous average algorithm and genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the bilevel programming model in this paper. Finally, the model is verified by case study. The case first determines the candidate toll section, calculates the minimum travel time reliability standard deviation and the minimum total travel time of the road network under the given number of toll sections. It can be found that the increase of toll roads will bring about the benefits of reducing the total travel time of road network users; in the case of the same toll section, the standard deviation of total travel time and travel time reliability of the road network cannot reach the optimal level at the same time. And the rate is higher when the standard deviation of travel time reliability of road network is minimum.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491

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本文編號(hào)：2119845