本文選題：城市快速路 + 擁堵機(jī)理�。� 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市快速路是城市道路網(wǎng)的主動(dòng)脈,具有容量大、速度快、效率高的特點(diǎn),在城市交通發(fā)展中起著重要作用。但是隨著城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展和機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量的不斷增加,交通需求總量迅速增長,城市快速路的那些特點(diǎn)逐漸消失,快速路上的交通擁堵問題卻日漸嚴(yán)重。因此,為了緩解城市快速路交通擁擠狀況,提高城市快速路的運(yùn)行效率,必須對城市快速路交通擁堵機(jī)理進(jìn)行深入研究。本文首先在分析城市快速路系統(tǒng)特征的基礎(chǔ)上,對城市快速路形成擁堵的宏觀機(jī)理和微觀機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析。在分析宏觀擁堵機(jī)理時(shí),以重慶市為例,從城市空間形態(tài)和路網(wǎng)布局的協(xié)調(diào)性入手,定性分析了重慶城市交通現(xiàn)狀、交通特征和發(fā)展趨勢。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),內(nèi)環(huán)快速路出現(xiàn)擁堵主要是由于內(nèi)環(huán)快速路與其它城市道路的銜接處發(fā)生擁堵。因此,又以城市快速路與其它道路的銜接節(jié)點(diǎn)為研究對象,分析城市快速路的微觀擁堵機(jī)理。在分析微觀擁堵機(jī)理時(shí),采用了交通波模型來研究快速路節(jié)點(diǎn)處的交通流運(yùn)行特性。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),節(jié)點(diǎn)出入口的組合形式、節(jié)點(diǎn)立交形式和間距以及立交匝道的形式都會(huì)對城市快速路的交通流運(yùn)行狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生重要影響。然后,從城市快速路與其它道路銜接的節(jié)點(diǎn)入手來分析緩解城市快速路擁堵的方法。首先,對節(jié)點(diǎn)出入口的間距進(jìn)行了建模分析,研究得出了在不同節(jié)點(diǎn)出入口組合形式、不同主線車速以及不同主線流量下城市快速路節(jié)點(diǎn)出入口的最小間距模型,并提出了在間距不合理時(shí)的解決措施;其次對節(jié)點(diǎn)處立交的形式選用進(jìn)行了分析,提出了在不同地形特征和交通狀況下選用立交形式的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以及在交通條件發(fā)生變化時(shí),為使交通運(yùn)行通暢,應(yīng)該如何對立交進(jìn)行改造;最后,對立交處匝道的形式和寬度進(jìn)行了研究分析,以匹配交通需求為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),提出了不同交通量情況下應(yīng)該如何選用匝道形式及寬度的建議。最后,以重慶內(nèi)環(huán)快速路為例,對提出的緩堵方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。首先,對重慶內(nèi)環(huán)快速路的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析;其次,根據(jù)立交最小間距模型算出了重慶內(nèi)環(huán)快速路節(jié)點(diǎn)立交最小間距,并以內(nèi)環(huán)快速路上立交節(jié)點(diǎn)為例,提出了間距不合理時(shí)的解決方法;最后,以重慶快速路上東環(huán)立交為例,提出了因匝道設(shè)置不合理造成擁堵的解決方法。通過以上研究以期能夠提高城市快速路的整體運(yùn)行效率,為緩解城市快速路交通擁堵問題提供理論依據(jù)和實(shí)踐方法。
[Abstract]:Urban expressway is the aorta of urban road network, which has the characteristics of large capacity, fast speed and high efficiency, and plays an important role in the development of urban traffic. However, with the continuous development of urban economy and the increasing number of motor vehicles, the total traffic demand increases rapidly, the characteristics of urban expressway gradually disappear, and the traffic congestion problem on expressway becomes more and more serious. Therefore, in order to alleviate the traffic congestion and improve the efficiency of urban expressway, it is necessary to study the mechanism of urban expressway traffic congestion. Firstly, based on the analysis of the characteristics of urban expressway system, this paper analyzes the macro and micro mechanism of urban expressway congestion. Taking Chongqing as an example, this paper qualitatively analyzes the present situation, traffic characteristics and development trend of urban traffic in Chongqing from the coordination of urban spatial form and road network layout. Through analysis, it is found that the congestion of inner ring expressway is mainly due to the junction of inner ring expressway and other urban roads. Therefore, the microscopic congestion mechanism of urban expressway is analyzed by taking the connecting nodes between urban expressway and other roads as the research object. In the analysis of microscopic congestion mechanism, traffic wave model is used to study the traffic flow characteristics at expressway nodes. Through analysis, it is found that the combined form of node entrance and exit, the form and spacing of node interchange and the form of ramp of interchange have important influence on the traffic flow state of urban expressway. Then, the methods of alleviating urban expressway congestion are analyzed from the connection of urban expressway and other roads. First of all, the distance between the entrances and exits of the urban expressway is modeled and analyzed, and the minimum distance model of the entrances and exits of the urban expressway is obtained under the different combination forms of the entrances and exits of different nodes, the different speed of the main line and the different flow of the main lines. At the same time, the paper puts forward the measures to solve the problem when the spacing is unreasonable. Secondly, the paper analyzes the choice of the interchange form at the node, and puts forward the standard of choosing the interchange form under different terrain characteristics and traffic conditions, and when the traffic conditions change, In order to make the traffic run smoothly, how to transform the interchange; finally, the form and width of the ramp at the interchange are studied and analyzed to match the traffic demand. Some suggestions on how to choose the type and width of ramp under different traffic volume are put forward. Finally, taking Chongqing Inner Ring Expressway as an example, the proposed method is verified. Firstly, the present situation of Chongqing Inner Ring Expressway is analyzed. Secondly, the minimum spacing of Chongqing Inner Ring Expressway Node is calculated according to the minimum interval model of the Interchange, and the example is the Interchange Node on the Inner Ring Expressway. Finally, taking the East Ring Interchange on Chongqing Expressway as an example, the solution of congestion caused by unreasonable ramp setting is put forward. The purpose of this study is to improve the overall operating efficiency of urban expressway and to provide theoretical basis and practical method for alleviating the traffic congestion of urban expressway.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491

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本文編號：2051821