本文選題：事故重建 + 騎車人損傷　； 參考：《西華大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：電動二輪車是交通事故中的弱勢參與方,電動二輪車騎車人在交通事故中容易受到傷害。在2010-2015年間,電動二輪車交通事故量和引發(fā)的人員傷亡數(shù)逐年上升,且情況愈發(fā)嚴重,社會各界對于電動二輪車帶來的交通安全問題也更加關注。因此,開展電動二輪車事故深度調(diào)查,分析事故發(fā)生規(guī)律,研究汽車與電動二輪車碰撞事故重建和騎車人在碰撞過程中的動力學響應過程,分析騎車人損傷的影響因素,對電動二輪車事故中騎車人的保護顯得尤為重要。不僅可以為未來將二輪車碰撞事故中汽車對騎車人的安全防護水平寫入中國新車評價規(guī)程(C-NCAP)提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐,從而提高車輛對騎車人防護的設計水平,而且能夠為交管部門修正相關的法律法規(guī)提供參考建議。本論文簡單闡述電動二輪車事故深度調(diào)查的情況及方法,并對成都地區(qū)近幾年的電動二輪車事故數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析,得出了成都地區(qū)電動二輪車事故分布規(guī)律和人員損傷的特點。為了研究汽車-電動二輪車事故的重建方法和影響騎車人的損傷的因素,論文首先簡要介紹了事故重建理論和方法,著重介紹PC-Crash多剛體軟件事故重建方法,然后基于多剛體重建理論方法,參照典型的事故案例數(shù)據(jù),建立汽車-電動二輪車/騎車人碰撞仿真多體動力學模型,通過對事故重建結果和真實事故案例數(shù)據(jù)的對比研究,驗證該模型的合理性及PC-Crash事故重建方法的可行性。利用汽車-電動二輪車碰撞仿真多剛體動力學模型,對多起成都地區(qū)典型的事故案例重建分析,得出影響騎車人損傷的重要因素。以汽車車型、汽車碰撞車速、電動二輪車車速和碰撞類型等因素為基礎設計重建仿真試驗,分析各因素對騎車人頭部和下肢損傷的影響。結果顯示:汽車車型、汽車碰撞車速和碰撞類型是影響騎車人損傷的重要因素,而電動二輪車速度對騎車人的損傷影響不大,只對騎車人和電動二輪車的響應過程有影響。最后針對典型的汽車與電動二輪車側面碰撞類型,討論汽車與電動二輪車的碰撞角度和接觸位置對電動二輪車騎車人頭部和下肢的損傷的影響,研究結果顯示:碰撞接觸位置是騎車人的損傷重要影響因素,碰撞角度對騎車人頭部損傷程度影響不大,對騎車人下肢損傷的影響沒有明顯的規(guī)律性。
[Abstract]:Electric two-wheeled vehicle is a weak participant in traffic accident. Electric two-wheeled cyclists are vulnerable to traffic accident. From 2010 to 2015, the number of traffic accidents and casualties caused by electric two-wheeled vehicles increased year by year, and the situation became more and more serious, and people from all walks of life pay more attention to the traffic safety problems caused by electric two-wheeled vehicles. Therefore, the investigation of electric two-wheeled vehicle accident depth is carried out, the accident occurrence law is analyzed, the reconstruction of the collision accident between the vehicle and the electric two-wheeled vehicle and the dynamic response process of the cyclists in the collision process are studied, and the influencing factors of the cyclists' injury are analyzed. The protection of cyclists in electric two-wheeled vehicle accidents is particularly important. It can not only provide data support for writing the level of safety protection of vehicle to cyclists in the future of two-wheeled vehicle collision accident, but also improve the design level of vehicle protection against cyclists in China's new car evaluation rules (C-NCAP). And can provide the reference suggestion for the traffic control department to amend the related laws and regulations. This paper briefly describes the situation and method of the investigation of electric two-wheeled vehicle accident depth, and carries on the statistical analysis to the electric two-wheeled vehicle accident data in Chengdu area in recent years. The characteristics of accident distribution and personnel damage of electric two-wheeled vehicle in Chengdu area are obtained. In order to study the reconstruction method of automobile electric two-wheeled vehicle accident and the factors affecting the injury of cyclists, the theory and method of accident reconstruction are introduced briefly, especially the PC-Crash multi-rigid-body software accident reconstruction method. Then, based on the theory and method of multi-rigid body reconstruction and referring to the typical accident case data, the multi-body dynamics model of vehicle electric two-wheeled vehicle / cyclists collision simulation is established, and the comparison between the result of accident reconstruction and the real accident case data is carried out. The rationality of the model and the feasibility of the PC-Crash accident reconstruction method are verified. By using the multi-rigid body dynamics model of automobile electric two-wheeled vehicle collision simulation, the reconstruction analysis of several typical accidents in Chengdu area is carried out, and the important factors affecting the injury of cyclists are obtained. Based on the factors of vehicle type, vehicle collision speed, electric two-wheeled vehicle speed and impact type, the reconstruction simulation experiment was designed to analyze the effects of various factors on the head and lower extremity injuries of cyclists. The results show that the vehicle type, vehicle collision speed and impact type are important factors affecting the injury of cyclists, while the speed of electric two-wheeled vehicle has little effect on the damage of cyclists, but only on the response process of cyclists and electric two-wheeled vehicles. Finally, aiming at the typical side impact type of vehicle and electric two-wheeled vehicle, the impact of impact angle and contact position on the head and lower extremity injury of electric two-wheeled vehicle is discussed. The results show that the collision contact position is an important factor affecting the injury of cyclists, the impact angle has little effect on the injury degree of the cyclists' head, but it has no obvious regularity on the lower extremity injuries of the cyclists.
【學位授予單位】：西華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.31

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