本文選題：地鐵車站 + 多火源火災(zāi)��； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)地鐵發(fā)展迅速,在便利市民出行的同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了一系列城市安全問題。地鐵易發(fā)生洪澇、火災(zāi)、坍塌等災(zāi)害,其中火災(zāi)發(fā)生次數(shù)最多,危害性最為嚴(yán)重,而有毒煙氣是造成人員死亡的主要原因。地鐵車站由于人員密集且內(nèi)部空間相對(duì)封閉,易成為恐怖襲擊的目標(biāo),存在多點(diǎn)起火的隱患。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者曾對(duì)地鐵火災(zāi)時(shí)期排煙模式作了大量研究,但主要集中在單點(diǎn)火源火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景,鮮有對(duì)非單一火源點(diǎn)火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景的研究,基于此,本文重點(diǎn)對(duì)地鐵發(fā)生雙點(diǎn)火源火災(zāi)時(shí)期排煙模式展開研究。本文以寧波某車站為研究對(duì)象,假設(shè)車站兩不同地點(diǎn)同時(shí)發(fā)生火災(zāi),采用FDS火災(zāi)模擬軟件對(duì)站臺(tái)-站臺(tái)、站臺(tái)-軌行區(qū)、軌行區(qū)-軌行區(qū)雙點(diǎn)火源火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景下排煙模式進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究,本文主要研究了屏蔽門和隧道風(fēng)機(jī)TVF聯(lián)動(dòng)排煙對(duì)地鐵車站火災(zāi)煙氣控制效果和對(duì)乘客安全疏散的影響。為確定出各火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景下的最優(yōu)排煙模式,本文選取了站臺(tái)溫度場(chǎng)、速度場(chǎng)、能見度、CO濃度等能反應(yīng)排煙效果的一些參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析。模擬結(jié)果表明地鐵發(fā)生站臺(tái)-站臺(tái)雙點(diǎn)火源火災(zāi)時(shí),宜開啟火源附近局部屏蔽門和隧道風(fēng)機(jī)TVF,采用“全排式”排煙方法輔助排煙;地鐵發(fā)生站臺(tái)-軌行區(qū)雙點(diǎn)火源火災(zāi)時(shí),宜開啟火源附近局部屏蔽門并利用隧道風(fēng)機(jī)TVF輔助排煙;地鐵發(fā)生軌行區(qū)-軌行區(qū)雙點(diǎn)火源火災(zāi)時(shí),宜關(guān)閉站臺(tái)非著火側(cè)屏蔽門并開啟非著火側(cè)隧道風(fēng)機(jī)TVF與著火側(cè)TVF聯(lián)動(dòng)輔助排煙。在最優(yōu)機(jī)械排煙模式下能保證站臺(tái)層安全高度處溫度低于65℃,疏散線路能見度大于10 m、CO濃度低于225 ppm,樓梯口處能形成向下穩(wěn)定的大于1.5 m/s的風(fēng)速,最有利于乘客安全疏散。除站臺(tái)、軌行區(qū)火災(zāi)外,區(qū)間隧道也會(huì)因電纜或列車故障引發(fā)火災(zāi),本文主要對(duì)火災(zāi)時(shí)期煙氣逆流現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析。首先研究了單點(diǎn)火源火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景,發(fā)現(xiàn)煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度與縱向風(fēng)速成反比關(guān)系,煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度隨縱向風(fēng)速的增加而減小,且縱向風(fēng)速越小煙氣逆流距離增加的幅度越大;煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度隨火源功率的增加而增加,但隨著火源功率的增加煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度增加的幅度逐漸越小,當(dāng)火源功率大于12.5 MW時(shí),煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度隨火源功率變化不明顯。并利用量綱分析方法,得出煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度與火源功率、縱向風(fēng)速等物理量的并且根據(jù)模擬數(shù)據(jù),擬合出了單火源煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度預(yù)測(cè)公式。為進(jìn)一步研究雙火源火災(zāi)時(shí)期煙氣逆流規(guī)律,本文基于上述單火源煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度預(yù)測(cè)公式的推導(dǎo)過程,對(duì)雙點(diǎn)火源火災(zāi)煙氣逆流現(xiàn)象進(jìn)一步分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)雙火源間距越大,煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度越短,無(wú)量綱煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度d*與距離影響系數(shù)β成冪函數(shù)關(guān)系;雙火源功率越大,煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度越長(zhǎng),雙火源比例系數(shù)k與火源功率影響系數(shù)α成對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系。引入?yún)?shù)α和β對(duì)單火源公式加以修正得到雙火源煙氣逆流長(zhǎng)度預(yù)測(cè)公式。并且將公式預(yù)測(cè)值和模擬值進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)測(cè)公式預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果較為準(zhǔn)確。
[Abstract]:The subway has developed rapidly in recent years, and it has also brought a series of urban safety problems at the same time. The subway is prone to flood, fire, collapse and so on, among which the number of fires and the most dangerous is the most dangerous, and the toxic smoke is the main cause of the death of the people. The subway station is due to the densely staffed and internal space of the subway station. Closed, easily become the target of terrorist attacks, there are many hidden fires. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the mode of smoke emission during the subway fire period, but mainly concentrated on the fire scene of single point fire source, and there are few research on fire scene of non single fire source. Based on this, this article focuses on the smoke exhaust mode during the dual fire fire period in the subway. This paper, taking a station in Ningbo as the research object, assumes that there is a fire at the station two at the same time, and uses the FDS fire simulation software to simulate the smoke exhaust mode of the platform - platform, the platform rail line, the rail line area and the rail line double point fire scene. This paper mainly studies the shield door and the tunnel fan TVF Union. The effect of smoke control on the smoke control of subway station fire and the safety evacuation of the passengers. In order to determine the optimal smoke exhaust mode in every fire scene, this paper selects some parameters of the platform temperature field, velocity field, visibility, CO concentration and other parameters that can react to smoke and exhaust smoke. The simulation results show that the subway station platform and platform is double ignition. In the source fire, it is appropriate to open the local shielding door near the fire source and the tunnel fan TVF, and use the "full row" smoke exhaust method to assist the smoke exhaust. When the subway station platform rail line area double point fire source fire, it is appropriate to open the local shielding door near the fire source and use the tunnel fan TVF to assist the exhaust smoke; when the subway line area rail line area double point fire fire fire, it should be closed. The non ignition side shield door and open fire side tunnel fan TVF and the ignition side TVF auxiliary smoke exhaust. Under the optimal mechanical smoke mode, the temperature of the platform layer is lower than 65 C, the visibility of the evacuation line is more than 10 m, the CO concentration is less than 225 ppm, and the staircase can form the wind speed of more than 1.5 m/s at the staircase. It is beneficial to the safe evacuation of passengers. In addition to the platform and the fire in the rail line, the interval tunnel will also cause the fire caused by the cable or train failure. This paper mainly analyzes the phenomenon of the backflow in the fire period. First, we study the fire scene in the single point fire source, and find the inverse relationship between the length of the flue gas countercurrent and the longitudinal wind speed, and the length of the counter flow of the flue gas follows the longitudinal wind speed. The increase is reduced, and the smaller the longitudinal wind speed is, the greater the increase of the backflow distance, the increase of the backflow length of the flue gas increases with the increase of the fire power, but with the increase of the power of the fire, the increase in the length of the counter flow is gradually smaller. When the power of the fire source is greater than 12.5 MW, the reverse flow length of the flue gas is not obvious with the power of the fire source. In order to further study the rule of the smoke countercurrent in the fire period of double fire source, this paper is based on the deduction process of the prediction formula of the smoke counter flow length of the single fire source. It is found that the larger the gap between the two fire sources, the shorter the length of the backflow of the flue gas, the relationship between the length d* of the non dimensional flue gas and the power function of the distance influence coefficient beta, the longer the power of the double fire source, the longer the length of the counter flow of the flue gas, the logarithm function of the ratio of the double fire source ratio and the influence coefficient of the fire power. The formula of the single fire source is corrected by the introduction of parameter alpha and beta, and the prediction formula of the counter current of the double fire source is obtained, and the prediction value of the formula is compared with the simulated value, and the prediction results are more accurate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U458.1

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本文編號(hào)：2019418