本文選題：鈍化劑 + 環(huán)保疏浚��； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,我國江河湖泊的泥沙淤積和污染問題日益嚴(yán)重,特別是長江三峽庫區(qū)建成以來,泥沙流動率低,庫區(qū)底泥量增多,同時,點源污染和面源污染問題的共同作用使得三峽庫區(qū)周圍水體污染物進(jìn)入三峽庫區(qū),隨著時間的推移,污染物進(jìn)入底泥造成庫區(qū)底泥淤積與污染并存,故此,三峽庫區(qū)的清淤與環(huán)境保護(hù)問題亟待解決。傳統(tǒng)的航道整治技術(shù)主要是對航道底泥的疏浚,但是,從環(huán)境保護(hù)的角度出發(fā),傳統(tǒng)的航道疏浚技術(shù)存在著對航道底泥的擾動強(qiáng)度大致使底泥懸浮、底泥中富集的污染物重新回到水體、疏浚精度低等諸多問題。因此,為改善航道的疏浚技術(shù)在三峽庫區(qū)的應(yīng)用問題,應(yīng)力爭在三峽庫區(qū)航道疏浚過程中降低污染。論文從傳統(tǒng)航道疏浚過程中使用的絞吸式疏浚設(shè)備出發(fā),結(jié)合污染物的治理方法-鈍化劑的應(yīng)用和疏浚設(shè)備的改進(jìn)兩方面進(jìn)行模擬疏浚的試驗研究,最終找到疏浚后底泥污染物釋放量最小的疏浚模式,同時在疏浚設(shè)備和疏浚技術(shù)方法兩方面找到最優(yōu)組合。論文系統(tǒng)的從鈍化劑對污染物的鈍化機(jī)理,鈍化劑的用量選擇,疏浚設(shè)備運(yùn)行參數(shù)選擇和疏浚工藝優(yōu)化方面進(jìn)行試驗?zāi)M,最終得出以下結(jié)論:1)PAC鈍化劑、鈣鹽鈍化劑和鐵鹽鈍化劑三種鈍化劑的用量不同對底泥污染物的鈍化效果也不盡一致。PAC鈍化劑用量為2g/kg、4g/kg、6g/kg底泥投加量下COD污染物抑制率分別為37.42%、43.87%、41.94%,最低的污染物釋放量分別可以低至97mg/L、87 mg/L、91 mg/L。鈍化劑投加量增加對底泥COD污染物釋放量的抑制并非呈線性的增加,而是在鈍化劑投加量為4g時最低,這主要因為鋁鹽的水解程度的有限,鐵鹽的氧化性也使得其在6g/kg底泥用量時COD釋放量最低,鈣鹽鈍化劑投加量則為12g/kg底泥時COD污染物的釋放量最低。對于總氮PAC鈍化劑在三種用量下的鈍化效率分別為29.36%、42.55%、23.38%,鈣鹽鈍化劑在三種用量下的鈍化效率分別為30.90%、43.44%、23.66%,鐵鹽鈍化劑在三種用量下的鈍化效率為21.54%、41.90%、24.66%。對于總磷PAC鈍化劑在三種用量下的鈍化效率分別為了71.15%、82.69%、76.92%,鈣鹽鈍化劑在三種用量下的鈍化效率分別為61.71%、76.60%、70.21%。三氯化鐵對總磷的抑制效果時間較短,在第4天之后,TP量有上升的趨勢。對于氨氮三種鈍化劑均未見明顯的鈍化效果。2)絞刀橫移速度和轉(zhuǎn)速對疏浚泥漿濃度均有一定影響,其中絞刀橫移速度對疏浚泥漿濃度的影響較大。分析得出,能提高絞刀疏浚設(shè)備疏浚效率的鉸刀轉(zhuǎn)速和橫移速度分別為40r/min和200mm/min。3)在四種不同鉸刀設(shè)備即普通工程鉸刀、普通加罩鉸刀、環(huán)保螺旋鉸刀、環(huán)保螺旋加罩鉸刀與PAC鈍化劑和鈣鹽鈍化劑的相結(jié)合之后對底泥進(jìn)行疏浚模擬。其結(jié)果為,加入PAC鈍化劑后進(jìn)行疏浚,當(dāng)上覆水中污染物濃度穩(wěn)定后,環(huán)保加罩鉸刀疏浚后的COD污染物釋放量分別普通鉸刀、普通加罩鉸刀、環(huán)保鉸刀要小24mg/L、15 mg/L、10 mg/L,TN污染物環(huán)保螺旋鉸刀加罩較其他三種鉸刀型式對TN的釋放量分別降低了7.46mg/L、2.41mg/L、3.58 mg/L,環(huán)保加罩鉸刀疏浚后的TP污染物釋放量比普通鉸刀、普通加罩鉸刀、環(huán)保鉸刀要小0.53mg/L、0.33mg/L、0.40mg/L,環(huán)保加罩鉸刀疏浚后的NH3-N污染物釋放量分別普通鉸刀、普通加罩鉸刀、環(huán)保鉸刀要小1.47mg/L、1.10mg/L、0.86mg/L。在加入鈣鹽鈍化劑之后環(huán)保加罩鉸刀的疏浚模擬COD污染物累積釋放量為131mg/L,分別較普通鉸刀和其加罩狀態(tài)下減少了22 mg/L、16 mg/L,環(huán)保加罩鉸刀在加入鈍化劑硝酸鈣之后TP的釋放量較其他三種形式的鉸刀設(shè)備分別降低了0.33 mg/L、0.25mg/L、0.31 mg/L,環(huán)保加罩鉸刀疏浚后的TN污染物釋放量分別比普通鉸刀、普通加罩鉸刀、環(huán)保鉸刀要小7.38mg/L、4.10mg/L、2.86mg/L,環(huán)保加罩鉸刀疏浚后的NH3-N污染物釋放量比普通鉸刀、普通加罩鉸刀、環(huán)保鉸刀要小0.55mg/L、0.52mg/L、0.13 mg/L。由本研究數(shù)據(jù)分析,疏浚采用環(huán)保螺旋加罩鉸刀和PAC鈍化劑二者相結(jié)合的疏浚技術(shù)方案為環(huán)保疏浚的實施方案。本研究為長江三峽航道回水區(qū)淤積底泥環(huán)保疏浚施工方案提供了理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐,研究成果具有重要的理論意義與實用價值。
[Abstract]:At present, the sediment deposition and pollution of the rivers and lakes in our country are becoming more and more serious, especially since the Three Gorges Reservoir area of the Yangtze River is built, the sediment flow rate is low and the sediment in the reservoir area increases. At the same time, the joint effect of point source pollution and non-point source pollution causes the water pollutants around the Three Gorges Reservoir area into the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and the pollutants enter into the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The sediment deposition and pollution in the reservoir area coexist with sediment. Therefore, the problem of siltation and environmental protection in the Three Gorges Reservoir area needs to be solved. The traditional waterway regulation technology is mainly dredging the sediment of the channel, but from the point of view of environmental protection, the traditional dredging technology has the disturbance intensity of the sediment on the channel, and the bottom mud is suspended and the bottom is suspended. In order to improve the application of dredging technology in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, we should strive to reduce pollution in the course of dredging in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. This paper will start from the dredging equipment used in the traditional dredging process and combine the treatment of pollutants. Methods - the application of the passivator and the improvement of the dredging equipment in two aspects, the experimental research on the dredging is carried out, and the dredging mode is found at the end of the dredging. At the same time, the optimal combination is found in two aspects of the dredging equipment and the dredging technology. The system is based on the passivation mechanism of the blunt agent and the use of the passivator. Selection, selection of the operating parameters of dredging equipment and the optimization of dredging process optimization, the following conclusions are obtained: 1) PAC passivator, calcium salt passivator and iron salt passivator, three passivating agents have different passivating effects on the sludge passivation effect, and the dosage of.PAC blunt agent is 2g/kg, 4g/kg, 6g/kg sediment dosage under COD The inhibitory rates of pollutants were 37.42%, 43.87% and 41.94% respectively. The lowest release of pollutants could be reduced to 97mg/L, 87 mg/L, and 91 mg/L. passivating agent added to the release of COD pollutants was not linearly increased, but was the lowest when the dosage of passivating agent was 4G, which was mainly due to the Limited hydrolysis degree of aluminum salt, iron salt. The release of COD is the lowest when the amount of 6g/kg sludge is used, while the dosage of calcium salt passivating agent is the lowest when the amount of COD is added to the base mud of 12g/kg. The passivation efficiency of the total nitrogen PAC passivating agent is 29.36%, 42.55% and 23.38% respectively under three kinds of dosage, and the passivation efficiency of the calcium salt passivating agent under three kinds is 30.90%, 43.44%, respectively. 23.66%, the passivation efficiency of iron salt passivating agent under three kinds of dosage is 21.54% and 41.90%. 24.66%. passivating efficiency for total phosphorus PAC passivating agent under three kinds is 71.15%, 82.69%, 76.92% respectively. The passivation efficiency of calcium salt passivating agent in three kinds is 61.71%, 76.60% and 70.21%. trichloride has a shorter inhibition effect on total phosphorus. After fourth days, the amount of TP has a rising trend. No obvious passivation effect is found on the three kinds of ammonia nitrogen passivating agents. The velocity and speed of the cutter are influenced by the speed and speed of the cutter, and the speed of the cutter's transversal velocity has a great influence on the dredged mud concentration. The transversal velocity is 40r/min and 200mm/min.3 respectively. The dredging is simulated after four different reamer equipment, ordinary engineering reamer, ordinary reamer, environmental helix reamer, environmental spiral reamer with PAC passivating agent and calcium salt passivating agent. The result is that it is dredged after adding PAC passivating agent and when the overlying water is polluted. After the dye concentration is stable, the release amount of COD pollutants after the environmental protection and the reamer dredged is respectively ordinary reamer and ordinary reamer. The environmental reamer should be small 24mg/L, 15 mg/L, 10 mg/L, TN pollutant environmental spiral reamer plus cover is less 7.46mg/L, 2.41mg/L, 3.58 mg/L, environmental protection and reamer dredging than the other three reamers. After the release of TP pollutants, the release amount of the pollutants is higher than that of ordinary reamer and ordinary reamer. The environmental reamer should be small 0.53mg/L, 0.33mg/L, 0.40mg/L, and the release of NH3-N pollutants after the dredging of the environmental protection reamer is used for ordinary reamer, ordinary reamer, and environmental reamer to be small 1.47mg/L, 1.10mg/L, 0.86mg/L. in environmental protection and reamer dredging after adding calcium salt passivating agent. The cumulative release amount of the simulated COD pollutants is 131mg/L, which reduces 22 mg/L and 16 mg/L respectively compared with the ordinary reamer and its cover state, and the release amount of TP after adding the passivating agent calcium nitrate is 0.33 mg/L, 0.25mg/L, 0.31 mg/L, and the TN pollutant after the dredging of the environmental protective reamer and reamer. The release amount is more than ordinary reamer and ordinary reamer. The environmental reamer should be small 7.38mg/L, 4.10mg/L, 2.86mg/L, and the release of NH3-N pollutants after the dredging of the reamer is more than ordinary reamer, ordinary reamer, and environmental reamer should be small 0.55mg/L, 0.52mg/L, 0.13 mg/L. by the analysis of this research data, and the dredging adopts the environmental protection helix reamer and PAC blunt. The combined dredging technology of two chemical agents is the implementation scheme of environmental dredging. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the dredging construction scheme of sediment sediment in the backwater area of the Three Gorges waterway. The research results have important theoretical significance and practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U616

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本文編號：2009183