本文選題：隧道火災(zāi) + 弗勞德準(zhǔn)則��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和道路交通的發(fā)展,公路隧道數(shù)量和公里數(shù)不斷增加,車流密度加大,行車速度加快,各類隧道事故發(fā)生的數(shù)量和頻率也相應(yīng)增加。其中,隧道火災(zāi)由于其環(huán)境的封閉性和逃生救援的困難性,往往造成嚴(yán)重的人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。尤其長(zhǎng)大隧道和交通量大的隧道,火災(zāi)發(fā)生的概率也會(huì)相對(duì)較大。目前,公路隧道火災(zāi)模型試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)中通常采用弗勞德準(zhǔn)則,但理論分析結(jié)果表明,火源遠(yuǎn)區(qū)煙氣流動(dòng)過(guò)程中浮力作用減小,弗勞德準(zhǔn)則不適用。為確定弗勞德準(zhǔn)則的適用范圍,有必要結(jié)合模型試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,采用數(shù)值模擬方法進(jìn)行分析研究。本文采用數(shù)值模擬和模型試驗(yàn)結(jié)合的方法,以單向交通公路隧道為例,分別針對(duì)無(wú)風(fēng)和2m/s自然風(fēng)條件下燃燒熱釋放速率為5MW和10 MW規(guī)�；馂�(zāi)的煙氣速度(場(chǎng))和溫度(場(chǎng))進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。預(yù)備試驗(yàn)中,用畢托管測(cè)量同一斷面上36個(gè)點(diǎn)的速度值,以求出該斷面平均風(fēng)速,共測(cè)量5個(gè)斷面,用以求得隧道模型的阻力系數(shù)。模型試驗(yàn)時(shí),使用PT100溫度傳感器和JY-GD2型風(fēng)速傳感器,分別對(duì)5MW和10MW火災(zāi)規(guī)模下燃燒60s及120s時(shí),無(wú)風(fēng)條件的溫度分布和2m/s風(fēng)速條件的斷面速度分布進(jìn)行了測(cè)量。數(shù)值模擬使用Gambit軟件對(duì)隧道原始尺寸建立幾何模型和劃分網(wǎng)格,并通過(guò)FLUENT軟件采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)k-ε模型和PDF模型對(duì)無(wú)風(fēng)和2m/s風(fēng)速條件下燃燒熱釋放速率5MW和10 MW規(guī)模的火災(zāi)進(jìn)行模擬,得到了與60s和120s相對(duì)應(yīng)的285.7s和571.4s時(shí)各工況下不同斷面的溫度云圖和速度云圖,以及與模型試驗(yàn)各測(cè)點(diǎn)相對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)處的溫度值與速度值。首先通過(guò)預(yù)備試驗(yàn),求出了隧道變態(tài)模型的沿程阻力系數(shù)λ'_m為0.033,進(jìn)而求出了該試驗(yàn)所用隧道模型變態(tài)后模型與原型的縱向長(zhǎng)度比尺為1:29.7;之后對(duì)阻力隔柵進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),計(jì)算出了隔柵的阻力系數(shù)ζ_λ為0.412,進(jìn)而得到了阻力隔柵等效的正態(tài)模型長(zhǎng)度和等效的原型長(zhǎng)度。然后基于數(shù)值模擬和試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果,通過(guò)對(duì)無(wú)風(fēng)條件下各測(cè)點(diǎn)相應(yīng)時(shí)間的溫度模擬值與試驗(yàn)測(cè)量值的對(duì)比,確定數(shù)值模擬模型及計(jì)算方法。通過(guò)對(duì)2m/s風(fēng)速條件下相對(duì)應(yīng)位置處相應(yīng)時(shí)間的速度數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與模型試驗(yàn)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了弗勞德準(zhǔn)則在距火源不同距離處的適用性,得出了該隧道火災(zāi)模型試驗(yàn)中弗勞德準(zhǔn)則適用于下風(fēng)方向距火源120m-170m范圍內(nèi)。通過(guò)對(duì)比相同燃燒熱釋放速率,無(wú)風(fēng)和2m/s風(fēng)速情況下數(shù)值模擬所得弗勞德準(zhǔn)則適用距離的范圍得出,2m/s風(fēng)速時(shí)的適用距離比不通風(fēng)時(shí)的適用距離短。通過(guò)對(duì)比相同通風(fēng)條件下,5MW和10 MW兩種不同燃燒熱釋放速率火災(zāi)時(shí)數(shù)值模擬所得弗勞德準(zhǔn)則適用距離的范圍得出,燃燒熱釋放速率5MW時(shí)的適用距離比10MW時(shí)的適用距離短。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and road traffic, the number of highway tunnels and the number of kilometers are increasing, the traffic density is increasing, the driving speed is speeding up, and the number and frequency of all kinds of tunnel accidents are also increasing accordingly. Among them, tunnel fire often causes serious casualties and property losses because of its closed environment and difficulty of escape and rescue. Especially large tunnels and large traffic tunnels, the probability of fire will be relatively large. At present, the Froude criterion is usually used in the design of highway tunnel fire model test. However, the theoretical analysis results show that the buoyancy decreases in the process of flue gas flow in the far area of the fire source, and the Froude criterion is not applicable. In order to determine the application range of Froude criterion, it is necessary to use numerical simulation method to analyze and study the model test results. In this paper, the method of numerical simulation and model test is used to take one-way traffic highway tunnel as an example. The flue gas velocity (field) and temperature (field) of 5 MW and 10 MW scale fire under the condition of no wind and 2m/s natural wind were compared and analyzed respectively. In the preliminary test, the velocity values of 36 points on the same section were measured with Beetown, and the average wind speed of the section was calculated. Five sections were measured, and the resistance coefficient of the tunnel model was obtained. In the model test, the temperature distribution without wind condition and the cross section velocity distribution of 2m/s wind speed condition were measured by using PT100 temperature sensor and JY-GD2 wind speed sensor under the fire scale of 5 MW and 10 MW for 60 s and 120 s, respectively. Gambit software is used to build geometric model and mesh the original size of tunnel, and standard k- 蔚 model and PDF model are used to simulate the fire with 5 MW and 10 MW combustion heat release rate without wind and 2m/s wind speed by fluent software. The temperature cloud map and velocity cloud map of different sections under different working conditions were obtained at 285.7 s and 571.4 s corresponding to 60 s and 120 s, as well as the temperature and velocity values at the corresponding points of the model test. First of all, through the preliminary test, the drag coefficient 位 _ p _ m of the abnormal tunnel model is calculated to be 0.033, and then the longitudinal length ratio of the model to the prototype is 1: 29.7. then the resistance barrier is tested. The drag coefficient 味 _ 位 is 0.412, and the equivalent normal model length and the equivalent prototype length are obtained. Then, based on the results of numerical simulation and experimental research, the numerical simulation model and calculation method are determined by comparing the temperature simulation values of the corresponding time of each measuring point under the condition of no wind with the measured values. The applicability of the Froude criterion at different distances from the fire source is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results of the corresponding time at the corresponding position with the measured data of the model test under the condition of 2m/s wind speed. It is concluded that the Froude criterion is applicable to the 120m-170m range from the downwind direction to the fire source in the tunnel fire model test. By comparing the same combustion heat release rate and the range of the applicable distance of Froude criterion obtained by numerical simulation without wind and 2m/s wind speed, it is concluded that the applicable distance of 2 m / s wind speed is shorter than that of unventilated wind speed. By comparing the range of applicable distance of Froude criterion obtained from numerical simulation of different combustion heat release rates under the same ventilation conditions at 5 MW and 10 MW, it is concluded that the applicable distance of 5 MW combustion heat release rate is shorter than that of 10 MW.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U458

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本文編號(hào)：2007325