本文選題：交通事故 + 事故再現(xiàn)�。� 參考：《西華大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與科學技術(shù)進步的過程中,公路里程、汽車保有量等都在不斷增加,伴隨而來的交通事故問題也日益突出。有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示每年的道路交通事故數(shù)量急劇增加,然而公安機關(guān)交通管理部門的工作人員卻極其有限。在本論文中,筆者認為,對于封閉道路與普通道路上機動車與行人碰撞的交通事故,在確定各方責任的時候,需要考慮不同的因素,綜合考慮各方的過錯行為與過錯程度。近年來,計算機技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展,交通事故再現(xiàn)軟件也隨之得到改善。PC-Crash軟件因為運用簡單、容易掌握以及事故再現(xiàn)結(jié)果準確等優(yōu)點在交通事故再現(xiàn)領域得到廣泛運用。我們可以利用PC-Crash對交通事故進行再現(xiàn),分析機動車在交通事故發(fā)生前的行駛速度是否超過規(guī)定的限制車速和遇到險情時的是否采取了制動避讓措施來判定機動車是否存在過錯行為。同時,經(jīng)過事故再現(xiàn),可以得出碰撞的具體位置,判斷行人是否經(jīng)過人行橫道通過馬路。通過分析,筆者認為可以從以下兩種情況作判斷:(一)對于封閉道路上的交通事故,在排除駕駛員酒駕毒駕嫌疑、道路環(huán)境對事故的發(fā)生沒有影響、車輛不存在安全隱患的情況下,倘若汽車無超速,并且采取了合理的制動措施,但還是造成事故,此時涉案汽車方無過錯,行人違法進入封閉道路是嚴重過錯行為,所以涉案行人負案件全部責任,車輛方無責任。(二)對于普通道路上的交通事故,首先確定行人是否經(jīng)過人行橫道過馬路,在行人正常經(jīng)過人行橫道通過馬路的情況下,檢驗車輛是否存在安全隱患、駕駛員有無酒駕毒駕的嫌疑、道路環(huán)境對事故的發(fā)生有無影響,在這些都排除的情況下,如果車輛存在超速行駛,則因為其在通過人行橫道時沒有停車讓行且超速行駛存在嚴重過錯,行人沒有過錯,故行人沒有責任,車輛一方承擔全部責任,賠償所有損失。事故認定書屬于公文書證,其內(nèi)容對于審判人員對案件的評議存在重要的作用。事故認定書中關(guān)于責任的劃分影響到涉案各方應該承擔的賠償義務問題。但是隨著交通事故案件的不斷增加,不管是公安機關(guān)交通管理部門,還是審判機關(guān)都不能每個案件都花費很大的時間和精力。因此,對于封閉路段與普通道路中人-車碰撞事故,選擇事故再現(xiàn)來確定各方義務有助于案件的順利解決。
[Abstract]:In the process of the development of national economy and the progress of science and technology, the road mileage and the number of cars are increasing, and the traffic accident problem is becoming more and more serious. Relevant data show that the number of road traffic accidents increases sharply every year, but the staff of traffic management department of public security organs is extremely limited. In this paper, the author thinks that when determining the responsibility of each party, the author should consider different factors and consider the fault behavior and degree of fault of each party when determining the responsibility of each party in the traffic accident of motor vehicle and pedestrian collision on closed road and ordinary road. In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology, traffic accident reappearance software has been improved. PC-Crash software has been widely used in the field of traffic accident reconstruction because of its advantages of simple application, easy to grasp and accurate result of accident reappearance. We can use PC-crash to recreate traffic accidents, This paper analyzes whether the speed of motor vehicles before the traffic accident exceeds the prescribed speed limit and whether braking avoidance measures are taken to determine whether the motor vehicle is at fault in the event of danger. At the same time, after the accident reappearance, the specific location of the collision can be obtained to determine whether pedestrians cross the crosswalk. Through analysis, the author thinks that it is possible to judge from the following two situations: (1) regarding traffic accidents on closed roads, in removing the suspicion of drunk driving by drivers, the road environment has no effect on the occurrence of accidents. If the vehicle does not have a hidden danger of safety, if the vehicle does not exceed the speed limit and takes reasonable braking measures, but still causes an accident, at this time there is no fault on the part of the car involved in the case, and it is a serious fault for pedestrians to enter the closed road illegally. So the pedestrian involved in the case is fully responsible, the vehicle is not responsible. (2) in the case of traffic accidents on ordinary roads, the first step is to determine whether pedestrians cross the road through pedestrian crossings, and to check whether there are hidden dangers to the safety of vehicles when pedestrians pass through pedestrian crossings normally; Whether the driver is suspected of driving with alcohol or poison, whether the road environment has any effect on the occurrence of the accident, if the vehicle is speeding, The pedestrian is not liable because he does not stop and overspeed has serious fault while crossing the crosswalk, so the pedestrian is not responsible, and the one side of the vehicle bears the full liability and compensates for all the losses. The accident identification document belongs to the documentary evidence, and its content plays an important role in the judgment of the case. The division of liability in the accident cognizance affects the liability of the parties involved. However, with the increasing of traffic accident cases, neither the traffic management department of public security organ nor the judicial organ can spend a lot of time and energy on each case. Therefore, the choice of accident reappearance to determine the obligations of the parties is helpful to the smooth resolution of the case.
【學位授予單位】：西華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.31

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