本文選題：隧道 + 無掏槽��； 參考：《西安科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：無掏槽齊發(fā)孔內分段崩落爆破是一種隧道掘進新技術,其能很好的控制炸藥作用方向,減少對圍巖的爆破震動,使炸藥能量充分利用,更能有效地實現隧道全斷面機械化施工。目前,對無掏槽爆破技術的研究相對較少,基本還處在實踐工程的初探階段,而針對基本的破巖理論及參數的影響研究分析尚不多見。本課題從隧道掏槽的目的及優(yōu)缺點出發(fā),在現代機械信息化時代不斷發(fā)展的步伐下,得出隧道無掏槽齊發(fā)孔內分段崩落爆破技術的可行性。首先在二圈孔位置爆破預裂縫,基于相鄰炮孔間破巖及拋擲理論對其內部垂直炮孔分段裝藥、依次起爆,最后對周邊孔進行光面爆破,運用ANSYS/LS-DYNA數值模擬方法分析無掏槽齊發(fā)孔內分段崩落爆破圍巖應力發(fā)展及破碎狀況,具體研究內容及成果如下:(1)在總結掏槽爆破優(yōu)缺點的基礎上,得出并初步分析了無掏槽齊發(fā)孔內分段崩落爆破的基本原理,分析了無掏槽爆破控制參數的影響。爆破前預留光爆層的預裂縫是無掏槽的關鍵,通過理論分析,在相鄰炮孔裝藥段間,爆炸應力波和爆生氣體劈裂作用下,中間巖體裂縫貫通并被推向隧道臨空斷面方向。(2)運用ANSYS/LS-DYNA數值模擬軟件建立無掏槽齊發(fā)孔內分段崩落爆破的二維雙孔和三維四孔模型,在大變形理論及爆破參數權重分析的基礎上,對影響無掏槽爆破效果的炮孔間距、起爆時差和空孔等因素進行了研究。分析表明,柱狀藥包爆破應力波主要作用在縱向方向。在一定工程條件下選擇合理的炮孔間距是實現無掏槽技術的關鍵。同段炸藥起爆存在時差在一定程度上影響無掏槽爆破技術的效果�？湛啄艽龠M裂縫的擴展和貫通,有利于無掏槽爆破技術的實現和推廣。(3)在理論分析和控制變量模擬的前提下,本課題進一步分析了無掏槽齊發(fā)孔內分段崩落爆破每一分段合理深度、每一分段的合理裝藥量以及相鄰分段間起爆合理延期時間,孔內分段能很好的減小爆破巖石的夾制作用。由三維模擬分析了炮孔間排距、隧道斷面炮孔布置形式對無掏槽爆破的影響,并通過與傳統(tǒng)孔底起爆法進行對比,得出了無掏槽爆破技術耗藥量少、炮孔利用率高等優(yōu)點,具有很大的發(fā)展前景。
[Abstract]:Sublevel caving blasting is a new technique for tunneling, which can control the direction of explosive action, reduce blasting vibration of surrounding rock, make full use of explosive energy, and realize mechanized construction of the whole section of tunnel more effectively. At present, the research on the technology of cutting blasting is relatively few, and it is still in the preliminary stage of practical engineering, but the influence of the basic rock breaking theory and parameters is still rare. Based on the purpose, advantages and disadvantages of tunnel cutting, and with the continuous development of modern mechanical information age, the feasibility of sublevel caving blasting technology in tunnel without cutting hole is obtained. Based on the theory of blasting rock between adjacent holes and throwing theory, the internal vertical holes are charged in sequence, and then the peripheral holes are blasted smooth. ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation method is used to analyze the stress development and breakage of surrounding rock in sublevel caving blasting without cutting. The concrete research contents and results are as follows: 1) on the basis of summing up the advantages and disadvantages of cut blasting, The basic principle of sublevel caving blasting in the same hole without cutting is obtained and the influence of the control parameters of the cut-free blasting is analyzed. The pre-crack of the pre-blasting layer reserved before blasting is the key of no cutting. Through theoretical analysis, under the action of explosion stress wave and explosion gas splitting between the charge sections of adjacent holes, Using ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation software, the two-dimensional double-hole and three-dimension four-hole models of sublevel caving blasting without cutting and developing holes are established, and the fracture of intermediate rock mass is penetrated through and pushed to the direction of tunnel face to face section. On the basis of the theory of large deformation and the weight analysis of blasting parameters, the factors affecting the effect of notched blasting, such as hole spacing, time difference and empty hole, are studied. The analysis shows that the stress wave of cylindrical charge blasting is mainly in the longitudinal direction. It is the key to realize the technology of cutting without cutting to select reasonable hole spacing under certain engineering conditions. To some extent, the time difference of explosive initiation in the same section affects the effect of notched blasting technology. The hollow hole can promote the crack expansion and penetration, and is beneficial to the realization and popularization of the no-cut blasting technology. (3) on the premise of theoretical analysis and control variable simulation, In this paper, the reasonable depth of each section, the reasonable charge quantity of each section and the reasonable delay time between adjacent sections are further analyzed. The section in the hole can reduce the clamping of blasting rock very well. In this paper, the influence of the spacing between the holes and the layout of the holes in the tunnel section on the notched blasting is analyzed by 3D simulation. By comparing with the traditional method of blasting under the hole, the advantages of the no-cut blasting technology are obtained, such as less charge consumption and high utilization ratio of the holes. It has great prospects for development.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U455.6

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本文編號：1985120