本文選題：中承式拱橋 + 吊桿　； 參考：《沈陽建筑大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：19世紀(jì)后,中承式拱橋以其特有的造型魅力和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)在我國(guó)迅猛發(fā)展,已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)的主要橋型之一。吊桿是中承式拱橋的重要傳力構(gòu)件,因其尺寸小、構(gòu)件組成部分多、對(duì)疲勞腐蝕因素比較敏感,所以吊桿及其組件的運(yùn)營(yíng)狀態(tài)相當(dāng)復(fù)雜。它的正常與否決定了整個(gè)橋梁的安全運(yùn)營(yíng)和壽命長(zhǎng)短。但是目前的橋梁設(shè)計(jì)理論并沒有跟上拱橋的發(fā)展,對(duì)吊桿的設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則、服役損傷、壽命預(yù)判等都沒有統(tǒng)一而科學(xué)的規(guī)范。再加上橋梁設(shè)計(jì)人員對(duì)吊桿的受力重視不足,忽視對(duì)吊桿疲勞和腐蝕問題的控制,對(duì)影響吊桿疲勞的因素沒有進(jìn)行過系統(tǒng)全面的研究,因此吊桿破損的現(xiàn)象屢屢發(fā)生。為此,本文在參考、總結(jié)已有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合沈陽一既有橋梁,對(duì)吊桿的荷載行為、吊桿的靜動(dòng)力特性、影響吊桿的疲勞因素進(jìn)行了較為深入、全面的研究。本文首先概述了拱橋的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、特點(diǎn)以及分類,對(duì)吊桿在恒、活作用下的靜、動(dòng)力行為進(jìn)行了分析,又對(duì)吊桿的疲勞問題作了較為詳盡的闡述,說明了疲勞失效是吊桿破損的主要原因,介紹了疲勞破壞與靜力破壞的區(qū)別,總結(jié)了吊桿破損的原因和機(jī)理,給出了吊桿目前的吊桿防護(hù)方法,對(duì)疲勞累積損傷理論以及吊桿的腐蝕疲勞進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹,最后結(jié)合工程實(shí)例,利用有限元分析軟件對(duì)包括吊桿的間距、吊桿的位置以及吊桿內(nèi)鋼絲材質(zhì)的三個(gè)影響吊桿疲勞的因素進(jìn)行對(duì)比計(jì)算分析,得出以下結(jié)論：(1)適當(dāng)減小吊桿間距不但會(huì)減小吊桿的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)力幅,而且對(duì)改善全橋的整體受力情況都是有益的。但間距太小也對(duì)吊桿的疲勞產(chǎn)生不利影響,因此間距應(yīng)在4-10m的范圍內(nèi)；(2)短吊桿的破壞問題不僅是荷載疲勞的原因,是由其自身剛度大、變形大以及構(gòu)造等各方面綜合作用的結(jié)果,最大的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)力幅值基本出現(xiàn)在1/4跨和跨中之間的位置上；(3)矢跨比對(duì)吊桿受力影響極其微小,在設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候確定矢跨比主要考慮其對(duì)拱肋和主梁整體受力的影響,可以忽略其對(duì)吊桿疲勞的影響。吊桿疲勞問題越來越受到人們的重視,隨著時(shí)間的推移,越來越多的橋梁采用中承式拱橋的橋型,同樣吊桿的疲勞問題也會(huì)越來越多樣化,本文的研究成果可對(duì)目前和以后的橋梁設(shè)計(jì)工作提供參考和指導(dǎo),具有廣泛的應(yīng)用價(jià)值和前景。
[Abstract]:After the 19th century, the through arch bridge has become one of the main bridge types in our country because of its unique shape charm and structure characteristics. The suspension rod is an important force transfer component of the through arch bridge. Because of its small size, many component components and sensitive to fatigue corrosion factors, the operation state of the suspender and its components is quite complex. Whether it is normal or not determines the safe operation and life span of the whole bridge. However, the current theory of bridge design has not kept up with the development of arch bridge, and there are no unified and scientific standards for the design criteria of suspenders, service injury, life prediction and so on. In addition, bridge designers pay less attention to the stress of the suspenders, ignore the control of the fatigue and corrosion of the suspenders, and have not carried out systematic and comprehensive research on the factors affecting the fatigue of the suspenders, so the phenomenon of the breakage of the suspenders occurs frequently. Therefore, on the basis of the reference and summary of the existing research results, combined with an existing bridge in Shenyang, the load behavior of the suspender, the static and dynamic characteristics of the suspender, and the fatigue factors affecting the suspender are deeply and comprehensively studied in this paper. In this paper, the development status, characteristics and classification of arch bridges are summarized. The static and dynamic behaviors of suspenders under constant and active action are analyzed, and the fatigue problems of suspenders are described in detail. This paper explains that fatigue failure is the main reason for the failure of suspenders, introduces the difference between fatigue failure and static failure, summarizes the causes and mechanism of the breakage of suspenders, and gives the current protection methods of suspenders. The fatigue cumulative damage theory and corrosion fatigue of the suspender are introduced in detail. Finally, the distance between the suspenders is analyzed by the finite element analysis software combined with an engineering example. The position of the suspender and the three factors affecting the fatigue of the steel wire in the suspender are compared and analyzed. The following conclusion is drawn: 1) decreasing the spacing between the suspenders will not only reduce the stress and stress amplitude of the suspenders, but also reduce the stress amplitude of the suspenders. Moreover, it is beneficial to improve the whole load condition of the whole bridge. However, too small spacing also has a negative effect on the fatigue of suspenders, so the failure problem of short suspenders should be in the range of 4-10 m) the failure problem of short suspenders is not only the cause of fatigue, but also due to the large stiffness of the suspenders themselves. As a result of the combined action of large deformation and structure, the maximum stress and stress amplitude basically appear in the position between the 1 / 4 span and the middle span. The sagittal / span ratio has very little effect on the stress of the suspender. In the design, the influence of rise-span ratio on the stress of arch rib and main beam is considered, and the influence on the fatigue of suspender can be neglected. People pay more and more attention to the fatigue problem of suspenders. With the passage of time, more and more bridges adopt the bridge type of mid-through arch bridge. Similarly, the fatigue problem of suspenders will become more and more diversified. The research results of this paper can provide reference and guidance for the current and future bridge design work, and have wide application value and prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U448.22;U441.4

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