本文選題：換道行為 + 支持向量機��； 參考：《昆明理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：換道行為是車輛在行駛過程中的隨機動作,該行為有可能產(chǎn)生交通沖突點,甚至導致不同程度的交通事故發(fā)生。一般根據(jù)換道過程平順或猛烈,大致將其分為安全性換道行為、風險性換道行為兩類,換道行為過于猛烈將增加交通事故風險。伴隨車輛換道預警系統(tǒng)的不斷發(fā)展,車輛換道預警系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn),有望在車輛進行換道的起始階段準確識別出兩類不同的換道行為,并自動對存在風險的換道操作給出相應預警或干預。本文運用模式識別技術中的支持向量機方法,嘗試建立一種能有效識別區(qū)分安全換道和風險換道兩種駕駛行為的識別模型。借助KMRTDS駕駛模擬仿真平臺開展安全換道和風險換道模擬實驗,用采集到的駕駛操縱數(shù)據(jù)和車輛運行數(shù)據(jù)提取訓練及測試識別模型的樣本。本文研究意義在于,當識別模型判斷出某一換道行為,因操作過于猛烈而超出一般安全換道行為閾值時,換道預警系統(tǒng)第一時間報警提示駕駛員,以避免事故發(fā)生。分類模型的識別效果主要受識別時間窗大小、特征參數(shù)、模型自身參數(shù)等方面的影響,本文運用ROC.運行結果,綜合AUC值和模型的分類準確率對識別效果進行分析,通過“最優(yōu)時間窗確定、最優(yōu)特征參數(shù)提取、最優(yōu)算法尋找模型參數(shù)”三個步驟,建立最優(yōu)識別模型。首先,將定義的換道行為起始時刻作為時間窗中點,向前向后分別取相同時間段(0.5s、1s、1.5s)形成3個時間窗(1s、2s、3s),并經(jīng)過對比分析三個時間窗下的模型識別效果,確定了最優(yōu)時間窗為2s。其次,運用逐步回歸分析、因子分析、多維偏好分析三種方法對原有的特征參數(shù)進行降維處理。其中,經(jīng)逐步回歸分析法提取的特征參數(shù)訓練后的分類器性能最好,故將此方法提取的參數(shù)作為最優(yōu)特征參數(shù)。最后,運用了枚舉算法、粒子群算法、遺傳算法等三種算法進行參數(shù)尋優(yōu)。其中,遺傳算法的分類準確率最低,枚舉算法和粒子群算法分類準確率較為接近,但后者的AUC值為0.992,接近原始數(shù)據(jù)下的0.996,較好的彌補了因數(shù)據(jù)降維處理而損失的信息,所以選取粒子群算法為最優(yōu)算法。在最優(yōu)時間窗、最優(yōu)特征參數(shù)、最優(yōu)模型參數(shù)確定后,借助LIBSVM算法,在MATLAB中訓練、驗證識別模型,得到模型最終總體識別率為92.55%,基本能準確識別出車道保持、安全換道、風險換道三種行為,達到了運用較小樣本量建立較高識別率模型的預期,取得較好的識別效果。
[Abstract]:The behavior of changing the road is the random action of the vehicle in the course of driving, which may produce traffic conflict points and even lead to traffic accidents of different degrees. Generally according to the smooth or violent course of changing the road, it can be roughly divided into two types of safe changing, and the risk of changing the road is two kinds, and the risk of traffic accident will be increased if the change of course is too violent. With the continuous development of the vehicle early warning system, the emergence of the vehicle early warning system, it is expected to accurately identify two different types of road change behavior in the initial phase of the vehicle change. And give the corresponding warning or intervention to the change operation of the risk automatically. In this paper, the support vector machine (SVM) method in pattern recognition technology is used to establish a recognition model which can effectively identify and distinguish two driving behaviors: safe change and risk change. With the help of the KMRTDS driving simulation platform, the simulation experiments of safe and risk change are carried out, and the samples of training and testing identification model are extracted from the collected driving control data and vehicle running data. The research significance of this paper is that when the identification model judges a certain changing behavior and exceeds the threshold of the general safe changing behavior because of the heavy operation, the early warning system of changing the channel will alert the driver in the first time to avoid the accident. The recognition effect of the classification model is mainly affected by the size of the time window, the characteristic parameters and the model's own parameters. The result of the operation is based on the analysis of the AUC value and the classification accuracy of the model. The optimal recognition model is established through the three steps of "determining the optimal time window, extracting the optimal feature parameters and finding the parameters of the model by the optimal algorithm". Firstly, the starting time of the change behavior is taken as the midpoint of the time window, and the same time interval is taken forward and backward, respectively.) three time windows are formed, which are 1 sm ~ 2 s ~ 3 s ~ (3), and the optimal time window is determined to be 2 s by comparing and analyzing the model recognition effect under the three time windows. Secondly, stepwise regression analysis, factor analysis and multidimensional preference analysis are used to reduce the dimension of the original characteristic parameters. Among them, the performance of the classifier trained by stepwise regression analysis is the best, so the parameters extracted by this method are regarded as the optimal feature parameters. Finally, three kinds of algorithms, enumeration algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm, are used to optimize the parameters. The classification accuracy of genetic algorithm is the lowest, the classification accuracy of enumeration algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm is close, but the AUC value of the latter is 0.992, which is close to 0.996 under the original data, which makes up for the loss of information due to the dimensionality reduction processing. So the particle swarm optimization algorithm is chosen as the optimal algorithm. After the optimal time window, the optimal feature parameter and the optimal model parameter are determined, the recognition model is trained in MATLAB with the help of LIBSVM algorithm, and the overall recognition rate of the model is 92.55. The three behaviors of risk changing reach the expectation of establishing a higher recognition rate model by using smaller sample size and obtain better recognition effect.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491

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本文編號：1953192