發(fā)布時間：2018-05-19 10:18

  本文選題：城市交通網(wǎng)絡 + 元胞自動機理論��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國城市交通擁堵問題是影響人們出行順暢的主要因素,城市交通擁堵主要是因為現(xiàn)階段我國的經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展,全國各大城市以及地方城市逐漸擴大規(guī)模,與此同時汽車保有量逐年上升。道路出現(xiàn)堵塞帶來的一系列交通問題、出行者出行時間延誤問題、經(jīng)濟損失問題、環(huán)境污染問題等給人們的日常生活造成很大影響。為此,只有對道路交通擁堵的產(chǎn)生機理、傳播特征進行詳細深入的研究,才能制定出科學的方案來滿足出行者的出行需求。由此可見研究城市交通擁堵問題對城市發(fā)展以及社會前進有重要意義。當前國內(nèi)外諸多學者和學術界對城市交通擁堵這個熱點問題進行關注和研究,本文是在借鑒和吸收國內(nèi)外學術研究成果的基礎上,以元胞自動機理論、復雜網(wǎng)絡理論以及交通流理論為指導,以Matlab計算機平臺為主要仿真方法,對經(jīng)典NaSch模型和BML模型以及改進的NaSch和BML耦合模型進行了探討、通過分別模擬交通事故點的時空分布與路網(wǎng)相繼故障問題對城市交通網(wǎng)絡的影響,分析并得到了重要結(jié)論。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:首先介紹了元胞自動機理論在交通中的應用,在分析了城市交通系統(tǒng)復雜性與復雜網(wǎng)絡之間關系的基礎上,闡明了城市交通擁堵問題的實質(zhì)就是復雜網(wǎng)絡中級聯(lián)失效問題,并在下文中從兩個不同的學術方面對交通擁堵問題進行詳細闡述;同時對交通流理論中的重要指標進行了介紹,為下文城市交通復雜網(wǎng)絡擁堵特性及控制方法的研究提供了新的思路和方向。其次借用Nagatani的建模思想,建立NaSch和BML耦合模型的擴展模型(ChSch模型),給出改進的NaSch和BML耦合模型建立的初始條件,交通事故的定義和事故點空間分布的定義,深入探討并研究了ChSch模型的全局集簇現(xiàn)象和路網(wǎng)中交通流發(fā)生相變的臨界密度,數(shù)值模擬了交通事故數(shù)量、交通事故時間分布、交通事故空間分布對于城市路網(wǎng)交通流的影響,最終得出了一些有意義的結(jié)論。最后采用復雜網(wǎng)絡理論中的對偶法將傳統(tǒng)的城市道路交通網(wǎng)絡構造成為具有小世界特性的邏輯網(wǎng)絡圖,并構造出城市道路交通的復雜網(wǎng)絡。在分析該網(wǎng)絡模型并對比其它復雜網(wǎng)絡后,提出道路交通復雜網(wǎng)絡具有時延性、恢復性等特性,運用復雜網(wǎng)絡相繼故障模型進行仿真模擬。模擬結(jié)果顯示,不同的時延、不同的事故消散因子以及不同的道路負荷能力可以合理的避免相繼故障的發(fā)生,并且能夠更好的解除相繼故障所產(chǎn)生的影響。對道路交通網(wǎng)絡的構建以及對道路網(wǎng)絡相繼故障的預防、解除具有一定的參考意義和理論指導價值。針對第3章和第4章研究的結(jié)論,論文最后給出了一些治理擁堵的策略,分別從擁堵的預防和疏導兩個方面進行了詳細的探討,這為交通管理者制定擁堵措施以及對城市交通擁堵的預防和消散具有重要的參考價值。
[Abstract]:The problem of urban traffic congestion in China is the main factor affecting the smooth travel of people. Urban traffic congestion is mainly due to the rapid economic development of our country at the present stage, and the scale of major cities and local cities in the country is gradually expanding. At the same time, the number of cars has increased year by year. A series of traffic problems caused by road congestion, travel time delay, economic loss, environmental pollution and so on, have a great impact on people's daily life. Therefore, only by studying the generation mechanism and propagation characteristics of traffic congestion in detail, can we formulate a scientific scheme to meet the travel needs of travelers. It can be seen that the study of urban traffic congestion is of great significance to urban development and social progress. At present, many scholars and academics at home and abroad pay close attention to and study the hot issue of urban traffic congestion. This paper is based on the theory of cellular automata based on the reference and absorption of academic research results at home and abroad. Under the guidance of complex network theory and traffic flow theory, the classical NaSch model and BML model and the improved NaSch and BML coupling model are discussed with the Matlab computer platform as the main simulation method. Based on the simulation of the spatial and temporal distribution of traffic accident points and the influence of road network failures on urban traffic network, the important conclusions are obtained. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the application of cellular automata in traffic is introduced, and the relationship between the complexity of urban traffic system and complex networks is analyzed. This paper expounds that the essence of urban traffic congestion is cascade failure in complex networks, and expounds the traffic congestion problem in detail from two different academic aspects below, and introduces the important indexes of traffic flow theory. It provides a new idea and direction for the study of congestion characteristics and control methods of urban traffic complex network. Secondly, by using the idea of Nagatani, the extended model of NaSch and BML coupling model is established. The initial conditions of the improved NaSch and BML coupling model, the definition of traffic accident and the definition of the spatial distribution of accident point are given. The global clustering phenomenon of ChSch model and the critical density of the phase transition of traffic flow in the road network are discussed and studied. The effects of the number of traffic accidents, the time distribution of traffic accidents and the spatial distribution of traffic accidents on the traffic flow in urban road network are numerically simulated. Finally, some meaningful conclusions are drawn. Finally, the dual method of complex network theory is used to construct the traditional urban road traffic network into a logic network graph with small-world characteristics, and a complex network of urban road traffic is constructed. After analyzing the network model and comparing with other complex networks, the paper proposes that the road traffic complex network has the characteristics of delay and recovery, and uses the complex network successive fault model to carry on the simulation. The simulation results show that different delay, different accident dissipation factors and different road load capacity can reasonably avoid the occurrence of successive failures, and can better eliminate the impact of successive failures. It has certain reference significance and theoretical guiding value for the construction of road traffic network and the prevention of successive failures of road network. Based on the conclusions of chapter 3 and chapter 4, the paper gives some strategies to control congestion, and discusses the prevention and diversion of congestion in detail. It has important reference value for traffic managers to make congestion measures and to prevent and dissipate urban traffic congestion.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.2

【共引文獻】

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本文編號：1909719