本文選題：HHT + 大跨淺埋��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在鐵路隧道施工設(shè)計(jì)方面各施工設(shè)計(jì)單位已有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和設(shè)計(jì)成果,但對(duì)于大跨度淺埋隧道,尤其是在復(fù)雜施工環(huán)境下施工的大跨淺埋隧道,仍有許多技術(shù)性難題需要解決。如何控制爆破震害,如何正確處理振動(dòng)控制與工程效率間的矛盾,是施工首要解決的問題。本文針對(duì)仙女巖隧道進(jìn)口端下穿民房密集區(qū)爆破振動(dòng)控制技術(shù)難題,通過HHT方法分析現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。提出隧道60cm進(jìn)尺掏槽設(shè)計(jì)方案并通過現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,同時(shí)提出80cm進(jìn)尺掏槽微差降振方案和1.8米進(jìn)尺掏槽微差聯(lián)合干擾降振控爆方案。80cm進(jìn)尺方案通過降低單段藥量可有效控制地表振速,1.8m控爆方案采用掏槽空氣軸向不耦合裝藥并采用微差起爆,可控制振速滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求,但對(duì)地表構(gòu)建筑物輸入能量大于80cm進(jìn)尺方案。這兩種方法可在施工中就現(xiàn)場狀況擇優(yōu)選用。運(yùn)用HHT變換獲得監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)瞬時(shí)能量譜及邊際譜,邊際譜體現(xiàn)能量在頻段內(nèi)聚集特性,瞬時(shí)能量譜體現(xiàn)對(duì)構(gòu)建筑的瞬時(shí)輸入能量。振速越大、頻率越低,能量越大,能量作為頻率、振速以及振動(dòng)時(shí)間的共同作用結(jié)果,更適合作為振動(dòng)安全判別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。仙女巖隧道是大跨超淺埋隧道,需要采取綜合措施降振。可同時(shí)采取縮短進(jìn)尺、人工開挖自由面、減少單段裝藥量等方法滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。干擾降振法核心為微差延時(shí)時(shí)間確立。本文采用數(shù)值模擬獲得單段波形信號(hào)疊加所得微差最佳時(shí)間段為10-20ms,取用10ms間隔疊加所得振速較單段起爆降低12%,所得結(jié)果并非1/2周期疊加最優(yōu),只是疊加對(duì)單段信號(hào)峰值起到消峰作用。就仙女巖隧道施工難題提出0.6m進(jìn)尺掏槽爆破方案,并現(xiàn)場驗(yàn)證施工可用。采用數(shù)值模擬軟件進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化方案得到隧道80cm進(jìn)尺掏槽微差爆破以及1.8m進(jìn)尺軸向空氣不耦合裝藥干擾降振爆破方案。對(duì)比本文提出的多種掏槽孔微差延時(shí)起爆以及不同裝藥量起爆所得的地表振速,分析得到臨空面、單段藥量及隧道埋深對(duì)地表振動(dòng)有著重要影響。
[Abstract]:Various construction design units have rich experience and design results in railway tunnel construction design, but there are still many technical problems to be solved for long-span shallow buried tunnel, especially for long-span shallow buried tunnel under complex construction environment. How to control blasting damage and how to correctly deal with the contradiction between vibration control and engineering efficiency are the most important problems to be solved in construction. Aiming at the technical problem of blasting vibration control under the entrance end of Xianyan tunnel in dense residential area, the field monitoring data are analyzed by HHT method in this paper. The design scheme of tunnel 60cm cutting is put forward and verified by field test. At the same time, it is put forward that the vibration reduction scheme of 80cm cutting and the joint disturbance of 1.8m cutting and blasting control scheme .80cm feeding scheme can effectively control the vibration velocity of ground surface by reducing the charge of single section and the 1.8 m blasting control scheme by cutting air axial direction. Coupling charge and using millisecond detonation, The controllable vibration velocity meets the design requirements, but the input energy for the surface structure is larger than the 80cm scale scheme. These two methods can be selected for site conditions in construction. The instantaneous energy spectrum and the marginal spectrum of the monitoring data are obtained by HHT transform. The marginal spectrum reflects the energy accumulation in the frequency band and the instantaneous energy spectrum reflects the instantaneous input energy to the structural building. The larger the vibration velocity, the lower the frequency and the greater the energy. As a result of the joint action of frequency, vibration velocity and vibration time, energy is more suitable as the criterion of vibration safety. The Andromeda tunnel is a long span super shallow tunnel, so it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to reduce vibration. At the same time, the methods of shortening the ruler, digging the free surface manually and reducing the charge quantity of single section can meet the design requirements. The core of the disturbance reduction method is the establishment of differential delay time. In this paper, numerical simulation is used to obtain the optimum time interval of 10 ~ 20ms for the superposition of single section waveform signal, and the vibration velocity obtained by using 10ms interval stack is 12% lower than that of single stage initiation. The result is not optimal by 1 / 2 periodic superposition. Only the superposition of the single signal peak value plays a peak role. In view of the difficult problems in the construction of Xianyan tunnel, the blasting scheme of 0.6 m scale cutting is put forward, and the site verification construction is available. The numerical simulation software was used to further optimize the scheme to obtain the millisecond difference blasting of tunnel 80cm cutting and the 1.8 m length axial uncoupled air charge interference vibration reduction blasting scheme. Compared with the surface vibration velocities obtained from the delay detonation of different cut holes and the detonation with different charge, the surface near the empty surface is obtained, and the single charge and the tunnel depth have important influence on the surface vibration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U455.4

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