本文選題：環(huán)境工程 + 設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)　； 參考：《公路交通科技》2017年09期

【摘要】：選擇青藏鐵路格拉段中小型橋梁和涵洞通道以及青藏公路藏羚通道橋,利用紅外相機(jī)監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)自2014年8月到2016年10月開(kāi)展持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè),重點(diǎn)分析適用于4種典型有蹄類(lèi)動(dòng)物(藏羚Pantholops hodgsonii、藏原羚Procapra picticaudata、藏野驢Equus kiang和野牦牛Bos mutus)穿越的通道設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),并提出配套設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)等建議。結(jié)果顯示:高度不低于5 m、開(kāi)闊率不低于129的橋梁通道預(yù)計(jì)可以滿(mǎn)足藏羚大規(guī)模遷徙的需要,但橋梁通道必須位于藏羚遷徙路線(xiàn)上;高度不低于3.5 m、長(zhǎng)度不小于6 m、開(kāi)闊率不低于4.2的橋涵通道可以滿(mǎn)足非遷徙路段藏羚零散穿越的需要;藏原羚通道開(kāi)闊率不低于4.2,長(zhǎng)度不低于6 m,高度不低于4 m;藏野驢通道開(kāi)闊率不低于4.2,長(zhǎng)度不低于3 m,高度不低于2.5 m。研究還給出了野生動(dòng)物通道配套設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)的建議,包括警示標(biāo)志、限速裝置、聲屏障、地形營(yíng)造、植被恢復(fù)、人工水體和紅外監(jiān)測(cè)等;建議青藏高速公路設(shè)置上跨式動(dòng)物通道和下穿式動(dòng)物通道結(jié)合的組合式通道類(lèi)型,最大程度降低高速公路對(duì)藏羚等野生動(dòng)物的阻隔影響;未來(lái)在藏羚動(dòng)物通道處,建議營(yíng)造起伏地形以降低車(chē)輛視覺(jué)和噪聲對(duì)藏羚穿越的干擾,設(shè)置水體和恢復(fù)原生植被以保持通道兩側(cè)棲息地的連通性,最大程度誘導(dǎo)藏羚利用動(dòng)物通道;此外,嚴(yán)格限制野生動(dòng)物通道周邊的人為活動(dòng)對(duì)于保障通道效率的發(fā)揮也很重要。
[Abstract]:The small and medium-sized bridges and culverts in the Gela section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the Tibetan gazelle passageway bridges on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway are selected to carry out continuous monitoring from August 2014 to October 2016 using infrared camera monitoring technology. The passage design parameters suitable for four species of typical hoofed animals (Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii, Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata, Tibetan wild donkey Equus kiang and wild yak Bos Mutusus) were analyzed in detail, and suggestions for supporting facilities design were put forward. The results show that the bridge passage with a height of more than 5 m and an open ratio of more than 129 can be expected to meet the needs of large-scale migration of Tibetan antelope, but the bridge passage must be located on the migration route of Tibetan antelope. The bridges and culverts with a height of not less than 3.5 m, a length of more than 6 m and an open ratio of not less than 4.2 can meet the needs of scattered crossing of Tibetan antelope in non-migratory sections. The open rate of Tibetan wildebeest is not less than 4.2, the length is not less than 6 mand the height is not less than 4 m.The open rate of Tibetan wild donkey is not less than 4.2, the length is not less than 3 mand the height is not less than 2.5 m. Suggestions for the design of supporting facilities for wildlife passageways are also given, including warning signs, speed limiting devices, sound barriers, terrain construction, vegetation restoration, artificial water bodies and infrared monitoring. It is suggested that the Qinghai-Xizang Expressway should set up a combined passage type, which combines the upper cross animal passage and the lower passage, in order to minimize the barrier effect of the highway to wild animals such as Tibetan antelope; in the future, it will be located at the Tibetan antelope animal corridor. It is suggested to create undulating terrain to reduce the disturbance of vehicle vision and noise to Tibetan antelope crossing, to set up water and restore native vegetation to maintain habitat connectivity on both sides of the passage, and to maximize the inducement of Tibetan antelope to use animal passage. Strict restrictions on human activities around wildlife corridors are also important to ensure the efficiency of the passage.
【作者單位】： 交通運(yùn)輸部科學(xué)研究院;西藏自治區(qū)公路局青藏公路分局;
【基金】：國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BAG05B06) 中央級(jí)公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(20150605) 交通運(yùn)輸部科技示范工程(2016002);交通運(yùn)輸部交通建設(shè)科技項(xiàng)目(2013 318 490 010)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U412.366
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本文編號(hào)：1886254