發(fā)布時間：2018-05-12 04:25

  本文選題：三維激光掃描 + 橋　； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：17世紀(jì)初,望遠(yuǎn)鏡的發(fā)明和應(yīng)用對測量技術(shù)的發(fā)展起了很大的促進(jìn)作用。1903年飛機(jī)的發(fā)明,促進(jìn)了航空攝影測量技術(shù)的發(fā)展。1964年GPS投入使用,帶來了測繪領(lǐng)域的一次技術(shù)革命。三維激光掃描技術(shù)是近十多年才發(fā)展起來的一項(xiàng)新興測繪技術(shù),已被譽(yù)為“繼GPS技術(shù)之后,測繪領(lǐng)域又一次技術(shù)革命”。該技術(shù)能夠高精度、快速、無接觸獲取實(shí)物點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),重建掃描實(shí)物的空間三維模型,是獲取空間數(shù)據(jù)最有效率的手段。引入新興技術(shù)往往能對行業(yè)發(fā)展起到促進(jìn)作用。本文闡述了三維激光掃描技術(shù)的國內(nèi)外研究與應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀;分析了三維激光掃描技術(shù)的原理和誤差理論;對比分析了三維激光掃描技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)測量方法的不同和優(yōu)勢。結(jié)合目前研究三維激光掃描技術(shù)應(yīng)用于橋梁變形檢測案例較少的實(shí)際情況和“橋梁面相學(xué)”,本文進(jìn)行基于三維激光掃描技術(shù)的橋梁變形檢測應(yīng)用研究。橋梁變形檢測是運(yùn)營期間維護(hù)橋梁正常使用必不可少的措施。傳統(tǒng)的橋梁變形檢測一般采用全站儀、水準(zhǔn)儀等,相關(guān)的應(yīng)用思路、方法和理論都已成熟,形成了相應(yīng)的技術(shù)理論體系和行業(yè)規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。三維激光掃描技術(shù)作為一項(xiàng)新興技術(shù),具有具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢和功能,但將其廣泛用于橋梁變形檢測還有很長的路要走。主要表現(xiàn)為,關(guān)于三維激光掃描技術(shù)的研究大都集中在橋面掃描數(shù)據(jù)用于橋梁快速建筑建模,很少用于橋面變形檢測分析,此外在精度方面的理論和試驗(yàn)研究也較少。本文通過理論研究和現(xiàn)場模擬試驗(yàn),重點(diǎn)研究三維激光掃描技術(shù)用于橋梁橋面垂直變形檢測的可行性。本文從應(yīng)用角度入手,研究三維激光掃描的基本原理與方法,詳細(xì)介紹了外業(yè)點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)采集流程和內(nèi)業(yè)點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)處理流程。利用徠卡公司提供的Nova MS50三維激光掃描儀,完成橋面點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)采集工作。進(jìn)行了三種模擬變形量點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)采集,及初始狀態(tài)點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)驗(yàn)完成后狀態(tài)點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),總共獲得五組試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)分析采用美國Geomagic公司出品的逆向工程校核軟件Geomagic Qualify完成,兩兩對比試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),得到兩組數(shù)據(jù)之間的模擬變形量值,并與理論值進(jìn)行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)三維激光掃描數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果與理論值比較接近,說明將三維激光掃描技術(shù)用于橋梁變形檢測具有一定的可行性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,高精度三維激光掃描儀在橋面平掃(天頂距85°~95°)工況下,能夠反映出3mm以上的豎向撓度變形。這一精度基本可用于柔性橋梁的撓度觀測,以及部分大跨徑梁橋的荷載試驗(yàn)條件下的撓度觀測。三維激光掃描技術(shù)用于橋梁變形檢測具有一定的應(yīng)用前景,對三維激光掃描技術(shù)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐具有一定參考價值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of 17th century, the invention and application of telescope played a great role in the development of surveying technology. The invention of aircraft in 1903 promoted the development of aerial photogrammetry technology. In 1964, GPS was put into use, which brought about a technological revolution in the field of surveying and mapping. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a newly developed surveying and mapping technology developed in the past ten years. It has been praised as "another technological revolution in the field of surveying and mapping after GPS technology". This technique can obtain object point cloud data with high accuracy, fast and contactless, and reconstruct 3D spatial model of scanned object. It is the most efficient method to obtain spatial data. Introduction of emerging technologies can often promote the development of the industry. This paper describes the research and application of 3D laser scanning technology at home and abroad, analyzes the principle and error theory of 3D laser scanning technology, and compares the differences and advantages between 3D laser scanning technology and traditional measurement methods. According to the fact that the 3D laser scanning technology is applied to bridge deformation detection in few cases and "bridge surface science" at present, this paper studies the application of 3D laser scanning technology in bridge deformation detection. Bridge deformation detection is an essential measure to maintain the normal use of bridges during operation. The traditional bridge deformation detection generally adopts the total station instrument, the level instrument and so on, the related application thought, the method and the theory all have matured, has formed the corresponding technical theory system and the profession standard. As a new technology, 3D laser scanning technology has its unique advantages and functions, but it still has a long way to go when it is widely used in bridge deformation detection. The main results are as follows: most of the research on 3D laser scanning technology is focused on the bridge deck scanning data used in the bridge rapid building modeling, rarely used in bridge deck deformation detection and analysis, in addition to the accuracy of theoretical and experimental research is also less. In this paper, the feasibility of using 3D laser scanning technique to detect the vertical deformation of bridge deck is studied by theoretical research and field simulation test. In this paper, the basic principle and method of 3D laser scanning are studied from the perspective of application, and the data acquisition flow and data processing flow of external point cloud are introduced in detail. Using the Nova MS50 3D laser scanner provided by Leica Corporation, the data acquisition of the bridge deck point cloud is completed. Three kinds of simulated deformation point cloud data were collected, and the initial state point cloud data and the state point cloud data after the experiment were completed. Five groups of experimental data were obtained. The point cloud data analysis is completed by Geomagic Qualify, a reverse engineering checking software produced by Geomagic Company of the United States. The simulated deformation values between the two groups of data are obtained and compared with the theoretical values. It is found that the results of 3D laser scanning data processing are close to the theoretical values, which indicates that it is feasible to apply 3D laser scanning technology to bridge deformation detection. The experimental results show that the high precision 3D laser scanner can reflect the vertical deflection above 3mm under the condition of bridge deck scanning (zenith distance 85 擄~ 95 擄). This precision can be applied to the deflection observation of flexible bridges and to the deflection observation of some long-span beam bridges under load test. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology has a certain application prospect in bridge deformation detection, and it has certain reference value and practical significance for the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in production practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U446

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本文編號：1877087