本文選題：突涌水 + 地質(zhì)雷達(dá)��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著交通、水利水電等國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)重心逐漸向地質(zhì)條件極端復(fù)雜的西部地區(qū)和巖溶山區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移,隧道與地下工程的建設(shè)規(guī)模以及難度成倍增加,在工程建設(shè)方面我國將面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn),尤其是被稱為世界級(jí)工程難題的隧洞突涌水災(zāi)害治理。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),全國范圍內(nèi),由突涌水災(zāi)害及處置不當(dāng)造成的安全事故占到隧洞工程建設(shè)事故的80%。突涌水災(zāi)害往往導(dǎo)致重大人員傷亡、經(jīng)濟(jì)損失與工期延誤,有的隧道甚至被迫停建或改線。此外,突涌水災(zāi)害若不能有效治理,極易誘發(fā)水資源枯竭、地表塌陷等環(huán)境地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,嚴(yán)重威脅社會(huì)穩(wěn)定與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。因此,在開挖過程中隧道前方掌子面進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的超前地質(zhì)預(yù)報(bào),對(duì)減少施工事故,保證施工人員生命安全和施工進(jìn)度具有十分重要的意義。但是目前人們對(duì)地質(zhì)雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的成果解釋仍以人為經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主,缺乏相關(guān)的解譯標(biāo)志,往往造成物探預(yù)報(bào)的“一圖多解”,因此深入研究地質(zhì)雷達(dá)探測(cè)不良地質(zhì)體的特征,建立預(yù)報(bào)解釋結(jié)果一般規(guī)律,對(duì)提高地質(zhì)雷達(dá)探測(cè)的精度和準(zhǔn)度有著舉足輕重的作用。本文以大巴山某涌水隧道為工程實(shí)例,通過對(duì)大量隧道超前預(yù)報(bào)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,提取了地質(zhì)雷達(dá)頻譜在本段圍巖的一般規(guī)律;結(jié)合本段圍巖物探探測(cè)結(jié)果的一般規(guī)律,針對(duì)隧道的異常涌水段提出專項(xiàng)預(yù)報(bào)方案;根據(jù)隧道的地質(zhì)勘察資料、隧址及周邊的水文地質(zhì)條件,結(jié)合實(shí)際的涌水特征,分析了隧洞發(fā)生涌水的原因;根據(jù)地下水賦存空間以及運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律提出隧道的涌水處治措施;最后對(duì)比分析隧洞注漿前后涌水量變化評(píng)價(jià)治理效果,本論文取得的主要成果包括:(1)從地質(zhì)雷達(dá)和TSP的探測(cè)原理出發(fā),根據(jù)隧道地質(zhì)條件,探討了在探測(cè)過程中參數(shù)取值。(2)通過大量的隧道超前預(yù)報(bào)地質(zhì)雷達(dá)探測(cè)結(jié)果,對(duì)頁巖段的裂隙及含水層進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,找出了地質(zhì)雷達(dá)在該段探測(cè)解譯的一般規(guī)律。裂隙段:反射波波形較雜亂,振幅變化大,相位交替出現(xiàn),并伴有繞射、散射等現(xiàn)象;在頻譜圖上表現(xiàn)為高頻(100MHz)為主,幅值較寬,在主頻附近常常伴有多個(gè)小峰值。富水段:電磁波傳播速度較低,產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)發(fā)射波,有時(shí)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生繞射、散射現(xiàn)象;在灰度圖像上電磁波波幅較飽滿、圓潤,常常能見連續(xù)振幅;隨著含水量的增加,雷達(dá)主頻逐漸降低,由多峰逐漸向單峰轉(zhuǎn)變,在滲水段頻譜圖像表現(xiàn)為以低頻(25MHz)為主,頻譜峰值以孤立形式出現(xiàn),中高頻部分逐漸減弱,高頻部分已趨于消失。(3)對(duì)隧道的異常涌水段,采用了TSP、地質(zhì)雷達(dá)以及紅外探水相結(jié)合的綜合預(yù)報(bào)方法,TSP探測(cè)顯示掌子面后方圍巖整體較破碎,地質(zhì)雷達(dá)的主頻為15MHz,比滲水段的雷達(dá)主頻更低,紅外探水顯示該段存在異常場(chǎng),對(duì)比綜合預(yù)報(bào)結(jié)果,推測(cè)掌子面后方的基本圍巖情況:節(jié)理裂隙發(fā)育,地下水發(fā)育,含水量較掌子面略有增加。(4)通過對(duì)研究區(qū)的宏觀地質(zhì)條件、地形地貌、隧洞突涌水的特征以及隧洞開挖揭露的地質(zhì)資料、超前預(yù)報(bào)探測(cè)結(jié)果分析研究,找出了隧洞異常突涌水段的原因:隧道洞身上方雨水充沛,地表水豐富,有充足的補(bǔ)給水源;隧道異常突水段處于褶皺核部擠壓破碎帶,受構(gòu)造應(yīng)力影響,隧洞圍巖節(jié)理、裂隙發(fā)育,為地下水富集提供了廣泛的存儲(chǔ)空間;根據(jù)掌子面開挖揭露的圍巖特征,圍巖裂隙貫通,相互連通性較好,提供了地下水的運(yùn)移通道。(5)在介紹了常用的隧洞突涌水治理方法體系以及治理原則的基礎(chǔ)上,確定了本隧洞突涌水治理采用“以堵為主”的方針,結(jié)合其他隧洞工程治理經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了采用超前帷幕預(yù)注漿法來治理本隧道突涌水段以及提出注漿參數(shù)。采用水泥-水玻璃漿液,全斷面注漿,注漿單孔有效擴(kuò)散半徑為2m,注漿初始?jí)毫?.0MPa,終壓2.0MPa,注漿堵水加固有效范圍為開挖輪廓線外5m,開挖掌子面均勻布置三環(huán)注漿孔,環(huán)向間距均為2m,一次注漿長度15m,每次開挖12m,留3m作為下一循環(huán)注漿止?jié){盤,單孔注漿量7.8m3。隧洞注漿前涌水量約為7000m3/d,注漿后隧洞涌水量約為450m3/d,隧道涌水災(zāi)害治理效果明顯,驗(yàn)證了采用超前帷幕預(yù)注漿技術(shù)在治理本隧道裂隙段突涌水的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the transportation, the center of infrastructure construction, such as water conservancy and hydropower, is gradually shifting to the extremely complex geological conditions in Western and karst mountains. The construction scale and difficulty of tunnel and underground engineering has multiplied. In the construction of engineering, China will face many challenges, especially the flood disaster of tunnel, which is called the world class engineering problem. According to statistics, according to statistics, in the whole country, the 80%. sudden water gushing disaster, which is caused by inrush water disaster and improper disposal, often leads to heavy casualties, economic loss and time delay, and some tunnels are even forced to stop or change lines. In addition, the sudden water inrush disaster can be easily induced if it can not be effectively treated. It is easily induced. Environmental geological disasters such as water resource exhaustion and surface collapse seriously threaten social stability and economic development. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce construction accidents and ensure the safety of construction personnel and construction progress. The interpretation of the results of the system is still based on human experience and lack of relevant interpretation marks. It often causes "one picture and multiple solutions" of geophysical prediction. Therefore, it is very important to study the characteristics of geological radar to detect bad geological bodies and establish the general rules of the prediction interpretation results. This paper plays an important role in improving the accuracy and accuracy of the geological radar detection. Taking a flood tunnel in dababan as an example, through the analysis of a large number of tunnel forecast results, the general rule of the geological radar spectrum in the surrounding rock is extracted, and a special forecast scheme is put forward for the abnormal water gushing section of the tunnel according to the general law of the geophysical prospecting results of the surrounding rock, and the tunnel is based on the geological survey data and the tunnel. At the site and the surrounding hydrogeological conditions, combined with the actual water gushing characteristics, the causes of the water gushing in the tunnel were analyzed. The water gushing treatment measures were put forward according to the groundwater storage space and the law of movement. Finally, the effects of water inflow change before and after the tunnel grouting were compared and analyzed. The main achievements of this paper include: (1) from geology Based on the detection principle of radar and TSP, according to the geological conditions of the tunnel, the parameters of the parameters in the detection process are discussed. (2) through a large number of tunnels ahead of the prediction of the geological radar detection results, the fracture and aquifers in the shale section are compared and analyzed, and the general law of the interpretation of the geological radar in this section is found out. Chaos, amplitude change, phase alternately, accompanied by diffraction, scattering, and so on. On the spectrum, it is characterized by high frequency (100MHz), wide amplitude and often accompanied by a number of small peaks near the main frequency. The water rich section is low in electromagnetic wave propagation, produces strong emission waves, and sometimes produces diffraction and scattering phenomena; electromagnetic waves on grayscale images The amplitude of the wave is full and rounded, and the amplitude of the frequency is often visible. With the increase of water content, the main frequency of radar gradually decreases, and the frequency spectrum of the seepage section is mainly at low frequency (25MHz), the peak frequency of the spectrum appears in isolation, the middle and high frequency parts gradually weaken and the high frequency part tends to disappear. (3) the abnormal surge to the tunnel. In the water section, the integrated prediction method of TSP, geological radar and infrared water exploration is adopted. The TSP detection shows that the surrounding rock in the rear area of the palm is broken, the main frequency of the geological radar is 15MHz, which is lower than the main frequency of the radar in the water seepage section. The infrared water exploration shows the existence of the abnormal field, and the basic surrounding rock behind the face of the palm face is speculated. Conditions: joint fissure development, groundwater development, water content a little increase compared with the palm surface. (4) through the macroscopic geological conditions of the study area, topography and geomorphology, the characteristics of the tunnel gushing water and the geological data of the tunnel excavation revealed by the tunnel excavation, the analysis and study of the advance prediction results have been made, and the reason for the abnormal sudden water gushing section of the tunnel is found out: the square rain on the tunnel hole body is found. The water is abundant, the surface water is abundant and the water supply is sufficient. The abnormal water burst section of the tunnel is in the crush zone of the wrinkle core, which is influenced by the tectonic stress, the tunnel rock joints and the cracks develop, which provide a wide storage space for the groundwater enrichment. According to the characteristics of the surrounding rock revealed by the excavation of the palm face, the surrounding rock cracks are through and the interconnectedness is better and provides better interconnectedness. (5) on the basis of introducing the commonly used method system and the principle of controlling the water gushing of the tunnel, the principle of "blocking the main" in the treatment of the water inrush in the tunnel is determined, and combined with the experience of other tunnel projects, it is proposed to use the pre curtain grouting method to control the water inrush section of the tunnel and to lift the water inrush section of the tunnel. With the grouting parameters, the cement water glass slurry, full section grouting, the effective diffusion radius of the grouting single hole is 2m, the initial grouting pressure is 1.0MPa, the final pressure is 2.0MPa, the effective range of grouting reinforcement is 5m outside the excavation contour line, the three ring grouting holes are evenly arranged in the face of the excavation, the circumferential distance is 2m, the length of grouting is 15m, each excavation 12M, and 3M each time excavation. As the next Grouting grouting disc, the water inflow of the 7.8m3. tunnel before grouting with single hole grouting amount is about 7000m3/d, the water gushing amount of the tunnel after grouting is about 450m3/d, and the effect of tunnel water gushing disaster treatment is obvious. It is proved that the effectiveness of the pre grouting technique of the front curtain is used to control the water inrush in the tunnel section.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U452.11

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