本文選題：TDOA + 幾何精度因子��； 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著電子、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,以位置信息為核心的智能交通信息工程有了在深度和廣度上不斷延伸的技術(shù)支撐,基于位置的服務(wù)(Location Based Service,LBS)在公眾交通出行中的需求也越來(lái)越廣泛和明確。同時(shí)各國(guó)政府為了提高政府管理效能,對(duì)基于位置的安全管理提出了強(qiáng)制性要求,這進(jìn)一步帶動(dòng)了位置服務(wù)在更多行業(yè)和國(guó)民生活領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用。因此,基于位置的服務(wù)體現(xiàn)出巨大的應(yīng)用前景和商業(yè)價(jià)值,準(zhǔn)確估計(jì)移動(dòng)終端位置的重要性和必要性日益顯露,引起了國(guó)內(nèi)外的廣泛關(guān)注和研究。本文對(duì)移動(dòng)終端定位的研究現(xiàn)狀和存在問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析,圍繞提高移動(dòng)終端位置估算精度為核心進(jìn)行研究,提出如下幾個(gè)創(chuàng)新點(diǎn):(1)分析了幾種經(jīng)典的基于到達(dá)時(shí)間差(Time Difference of Arrival,TDOA)坐標(biāo)解算方法,并在無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)(Wireless Local Area Networks,WLAN)環(huán)境下進(jìn)行了仿真,從適用性、收斂性和精度幾個(gè)方面對(duì)各算法做了對(duì)比分析。結(jié)合最速下降法適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、在初始值誤差較大時(shí)收斂速度快的特點(diǎn),以及Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法在估計(jì)值接近真實(shí)值時(shí)收斂速度快的特點(diǎn),本文提出一個(gè)融合二者優(yōu)點(diǎn)的混合定位法,通過(guò)WLAN環(huán)境下手持終端的數(shù)據(jù)采樣和仿真分析,驗(yàn)證了本算法具有較高的定位精度、良好的適用性和健壯性。(2)對(duì)無(wú)線移動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)三種典型布局進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的幾何精度因子(Geometric Dilution of Precision,GDOP)推算和仿真分析,分別是車(chē)輛終端位于圓形均勻排列的中央、圓周任意位置、對(duì)稱(chēng)線任意位置,推測(cè)出GDOP值隨終端、基站的位置關(guān)系呈現(xiàn)出一定的變化規(guī)律,該理論對(duì)工程應(yīng)用中基站的布局實(shí)施具有良好的指導(dǎo)意義。提出一種在基站信號(hào)輻射距離和基站位置關(guān)系的條件約束下,采用障礙函數(shù)法和模擬退火法進(jìn)行最佳布局解算的優(yōu)化模型,通過(guò)車(chē)輛終端數(shù)據(jù)采樣和系統(tǒng)仿真,本布局優(yōu)化模型能夠有效降低定位區(qū)域的GDOP值,達(dá)到總體上提高區(qū)域內(nèi)車(chē)輛終端定位精度的效果。(3)研究了幾種典型的信號(hào)統(tǒng)計(jì)分布和統(tǒng)計(jì)特征的非視距鑒別算法和誤差抑制算法。利用蜂窩環(huán)境下TDOA測(cè)量方差在非視距條件下比視距條件下大這一先驗(yàn)信息,提出一種建立了實(shí)際測(cè)量值方差和理想視距條件下測(cè)量值方差的對(duì)比模型和判別門(mén)限的TDOA測(cè)量值非視距誤差鑒別法,并提出一種對(duì)已鑒別非視距誤差進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償?shù)幕赥DOA泰勒級(jí)數(shù)展開(kāi)法的優(yōu)化算法。在蜂窩通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)下對(duì)這兩種算法進(jìn)行了仿真分析,誤差補(bǔ)償后的泰勒級(jí)數(shù)展開(kāi)法的精度相比優(yōu)化之前有明顯提升,證明了該非視距鑒別算法的有效性。本文還提出一種基于自適應(yīng)聯(lián)邦卡爾曼濾波數(shù)據(jù)融合的GPS/TDOA混合定位算法,并且在GPS偽距定位算法和蜂窩TDOA定位算法中分別采用擴(kuò)展卡爾曼濾波進(jìn)行非視距誤差抑制,通過(guò)手持終端數(shù)據(jù)采樣和系統(tǒng)仿真,證明了經(jīng)過(guò)擴(kuò)展卡爾曼濾波非視距誤差抑制后,GPS和TDOA的定位誤差明顯下降,驗(yàn)證了基于GPS信號(hào)時(shí)延和蜂窩TDOA兩種測(cè)量值進(jìn)行融合的混合定位算法的定位精度比二者單獨(dú)定位的精度要高。(4)根據(jù)GPS載波相位觀測(cè)模型和整數(shù)最小二乘法的模糊度解算原理,分析了幾種常用的整周模糊度解算法。針對(duì)雙差模式下序貫條件最小二乘法浮點(diǎn)解的強(qiáng)相關(guān)性導(dǎo)致模糊度解算失敗的問(wèn)題,本文提出采用高斯變換法對(duì)模糊度浮點(diǎn)解進(jìn)行降相關(guān)處理,以提高模糊度解算的準(zhǔn)確性和整數(shù)解的搜索效率;針對(duì)基線偽距可測(cè)量以及觀測(cè)歷元少的情況,提出一種基于基線偽距約束的方法進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化序貫條件最小二乘法的算法,該算法通過(guò)改善模糊度的協(xié)因數(shù)矩陣,降低浮點(diǎn)解的相關(guān)性,縮小模糊度的搜索空間,最終提高模糊度解算的精度以及解算穩(wěn)定性和成功率,實(shí)驗(yàn)仿真證明了這兩種優(yōu)化算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of electronic, Internet and mobile communication technology, intelligent traffic information engineering with location information has a continuous extension of technical support in depth and breadth. The demand for Location Based Service (LBS) in public transportation is becoming more and more extensive and clear. In order to improve the effectiveness of government management and put forward mandatory requirements for location based security management, this further promotes the wide application of location services in more industries and in the field of national life. Therefore, location based services show great application prospects and commercial value, and the importance and necessity of accurate estimation of mobile terminal position are increasingly becoming more and more important. In this paper, the research status and existing problems of mobile terminal positioning are analyzed, and the research on improving the accuracy of mobile terminal location estimation is studied. The following innovations are put forward: (1) several classic Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) sit is analyzed. In the environment of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), the simulation is carried out. The algorithm is compared and analyzed from the aspects of applicability, convergence and precision. The fast convergence rate is fast when the initial value error is large and the Levenberg-Marquardt iteration method is estimated. In this paper, the convergence speed is fast when the value is close to the real value. In this paper, a mixed location method which combines the advantages of the two is proposed. Through the data sampling and simulation analysis of the handheld terminal in the WLAN environment, it is proved that this algorithm has high positioning accuracy, good applicability and robustness. (2) three typical layout of wireless mobile positioning system are carried out. The detailed geometric precision factor (Geometric Dilution of Precision, GDOP) calculation and simulation analysis, respectively, the vehicle terminal is located in the center of a circular and uniform arrangement, at any position of the circular circle, and at any position of the symmetrical line. It is deduced that the GDOP value varies with the terminal, the position relation of the base station has a certain change law. The layout of the base station has good guiding significance. Under the condition of the relation between the base station signal radiation distance and the base station position, the optimization model of the optimal layout solution is carried out by the barrier function method and the simulated annealing method. Through the vehicle terminal data sampling and the system simulation, this layout optimization model can effectively reduce the location area. The GDOP value can improve the accuracy of vehicle terminal positioning in the region as a whole. (3) the non sight distance identification and error suppression algorithms of several typical statistical distribution and statistical characteristics are studied. The TDOA measurement variance under the non sight distance under the cellular environment is used to establish a prior information under the sight distance. The contrast model of the actual measured value variance and the measured value variance under the ideal sight distance condition and the discriminant method of the TDOA measurement value of the discriminant threshold, and propose an optimization algorithm based on the TDOA Taylor series expansion method to compensate the identified non sight distance error. The two algorithms are simulated under the cellular communication network. Analysis, the accuracy of the Taylor series expansion method after error compensation has been improved obviously before the optimization, which proves the effectiveness of the non sight distance identification algorithm. In addition, a GPS/TDOA hybrid location algorithm based on adaptive federated Calman filter data fusion is proposed, and the GPS pseudo range location algorithm and the cellular TDOA location algorithm are adopted respectively. The extended Calman filter is used to suppress the non sight distance error. Through the data sampling and system simulation of the handheld terminal, it is proved that the positioning error of GPS and TDOA is obviously reduced after the extended Calman filter is suppressed by the non sight distance error. The location of the mixed location algorithm based on the two kinds of measurement values based on the GPS signal delay and the cellular TDOA is verified. The precision is higher than that of the two one. (4) according to the GPS carrier phase observation model and the integer least square method of ambiguity resolution, several commonly used integer ambiguity resolution algorithms are analyzed. The problem that the strong correlation of the floating-point solution of the sequential conditions of the sequential conditions in the double difference mode leads to the failure of the ambiguity resolution. In order to improve the accuracy of the ambiguity resolution and the search efficiency of the integer solution, the Gauss transform is used to improve the accuracy of the ambiguity resolution and the search efficiency of the integer solution. A method for further optimization of the sequential conditional least squares is proposed for the baseline pseudo distance measurement and the few observation epochs. The co factor matrix of fuzzy degree is improved, the correlation of floating-point solution is reduced, the search space of fuzzy degree is reduced, the accuracy of ambiguity resolution, stability and success rate are improved, and the effectiveness of the two optimization algorithms is proved by experimental simulation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U495

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本文編號(hào)：1863582