發(fā)布時間：2018-05-04 07:19

  本文選題：保水路面 + 硅藻土　； 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：保水路面是指路面結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部可以保持水分,并通過水分的蒸發(fā)帶走大量潛熱,抑制路面表面的溫度上升進(jìn)而降低空氣溫度的一種功能型路面。本文主要涉及保水水泥混凝土的材料組成設(shè)計及性能評價等。此研究可以為緩解城市熱島效應(yīng),建設(shè)“海綿城市”提供一種技術(shù)方案和相關(guān)技術(shù)支持。本文在研究硅藻土摻量對混凝土性能影響的同時,確定最佳硅藻土摻量。通過對比不同保水材料的經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)等特性,確定了保水材料的種類與粒徑。經(jīng)由試驗計算,確定了母體材料的配合比。采用拌和的方式使保水材料與母體材料結(jié)合成型,通過對比不同拌和工藝,確定了拌和流程;分析了不同硅藻土摻量的保水試件的抗凍性和強度;設(shè)計了保水試件在不同環(huán)境條件下的吸水試驗以及室內(nèi)外的蒸發(fā)試驗,根據(jù)試驗結(jié)果分析了不同硅藻土摻量的保水試件的吸水蒸發(fā)性能;觀測了試件在灑水前后的溫度變化特征,并根據(jù)地表能量平衡理論、溫度及試件參數(shù)等,計算分析了不同保水量的混凝土試件的溫度和能量行為,使用溫度行為與顯熱、潛熱評價了試件的降溫特性。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):硅藻土摻量為3.0%時,保水試件的吸水高度和吸水速率最大,分別為70.35%和0.118 g/cm~3,其抗凍指數(shù)、抗壓和抗彎拉強度、飽水吸水量、灑水吸水量較大且與最大值差別不大,其值分別為99.1%、21.0和2.64 MPa、0.140 g/cm~3、0.140 g/cm~3(40 min)。摻3.0%硅藻土的保水試件在開始時的蒸發(fā)率為0.254 g/(m~2·s),在第8.5個小時的蒸發(fā)率為0.023 g/(m~2·s)。摻硅藻土的保水試件可以維持8.5個小時的較強蒸發(fā)作用。相較于普通水泥混凝土,摻3.0%硅藻土的保水水泥混凝土的表面溫度在灑水后的第一天最大降低5.1°C,而第二天最大降低2.1°C。相較于普通水泥混凝土,摻硅藻土的保水水泥混凝土能夠明顯降低顯熱的釋放并增大潛熱的釋放,尤其是摻量達(dá)到3.0%及以上時(3.0%摻量下顯熱降低量在白天和晚上分別為29.6 W/m~2和14.9 W/m~2,潛熱平均值的增加量為57.2 W/m~2)。因此,最后硅藻土的最佳摻量為3.0%。摻3.0%硅藻土的保水水泥混凝土路面系統(tǒng)的降溫效果顯著,對城市熱島具有一定的緩解作用。
[Abstract]:Water-retaining pavement is a kind of functional pavement which can keep moisture inside the pavement structure and take away a large amount of latent heat by evaporation of moisture to restrain the surface temperature rising and then reduce the air temperature. This paper mainly deals with the material composition design and performance evaluation of water-retaining cement concrete. This study can provide a technical scheme and related technical support for alleviating the urban heat island effect and constructing "sponge city". In this paper, the effect of diatomite content on concrete performance is studied, and the optimum diatomite content is determined. By comparing the economic and technological characteristics of different water-retaining materials, the types and particle sizes of water-retaining materials were determined. The mixture ratio of the parent material was determined by experimental calculation. The mixing method was used to combine the water-retaining material with the parent material, the mixing process was determined by comparing different mixing processes, and the freezing resistance and strength of the water-retaining specimen with different diatomite content were analyzed. The water absorption test and the indoor and outdoor evaporation test of the water-retaining specimen under different environmental conditions were designed. According to the test results, the water absorption and evaporation performance of the water-retaining specimen with different diatomite content was analyzed. The characteristics of temperature change before and after sprinkling are observed. According to the theory of surface energy balance, the temperature and the parameters of the specimen, the temperature and energy behavior of concrete specimens with different water holding capacity are calculated and analyzed, and the temperature behavior and sensible heat are used. The latent heat was used to evaluate the cooling characteristics of the specimen. The results showed that when the amount of diatomite was 3.0, the water absorption height and water absorption rate were 70.35% and 0.118 g / cm ~ (-3), respectively. The freezing resistance index, compressive strength and flexural tensile strength, saturated water absorption and sprinkling water absorption were not different from the maximum values. The values were 99.1 and 2.64 MPA 0.140 g / cm ~ (-1) and 0.140 g/cm~3(40 路min ~ (-1), respectively. The evaporation rate of the water-retaining specimen doped with 3.0% diatomite was 0.254 g/(m~2 / s at the beginning and 0.023 g/(m~2 / s at 8.5h. The water retention specimen with diatomite can maintain strong evaporation for 8.5 hours. Compared with ordinary cement concrete, the surface temperature of water-retaining cement concrete with 3.0% diatomite decreases 5.1 擄C on the first day after sprinkling, and 2.1 擄C on the second day. Compared with ordinary cement concrete, diatomite cement concrete can obviously reduce the release of sensible heat and increase the release of latent heat. In particular, the apparent heat decrease is 29.6 W/m~2 during the day and 14.9 W / m ~ (2) at night when the dosage is 3.0% or more, and the increase of latent heat is 57.2 W / m ~ (2) 路m ~ (2) ~ (-1). Therefore, the best addition of diatomite is 3.0. The cooling effect of the water-retaining cement concrete pavement system with 3.0% diatomite is remarkable, and it can alleviate the urban heat island to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U414

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本文編號：1842106