發(fā)布時間：2018-05-03 10:58

  本文選題：簡支梁橋 + 雙重擋塊�。� 參考：《煙臺大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國境內地震活動較為活躍,地震中許多橋梁結構受到損毀,如何確保在地震發(fā)生后,橋梁線路依然能夠安全可靠的通行,成為當前工程研究中極為關注的問題。擋塊是橋梁橫橋向保護支座限制主梁位移的主要構件,也是震區(qū)橫橋向抗震的重要構造措施。現有橫橋向抗震擋塊多為單道防線設計,無法同時滿足抗震設計中對構造裝置耗能與限位的雙重要求。本文對當前橋梁結構橫橋向限位擋塊抗震設計與研究中存在的問題進行思考,在現有限位擋塊的基礎上,以“多道防線、功能分離、逐級生效”為原則,參考當前較為流行的延性抗震思路,設計了新的橫橋向抗震構造裝置。使其既能限制主梁橫橋向位移,又能消散地震力,降低橋梁下部結構的地震反應。本文主要完成了以下工作:(1)提出了新型雙重擋塊防落梁的抗震構造裝置。內側為剛度較小的耗能擋塊,利用鋼構件的塑性變形消散地震作用;外側為剛度與承載力較大剛性限位擋塊,利用其強大的穩(wěn)固性限制主梁在橫橋向產生較大的相對位移。耗能擋塊與剛性擋塊共同作用,能夠有效的發(fā)揮擋塊在橫橋向的抗震減震功能。(2)采用非線性時程分析法,分別從剛度以及初始間距兩個方面研究了其對普通單擋塊地震反應的影響。研究發(fā)現:忽略擋塊與主梁的碰撞會低估橋梁結構的地震反應,且碰撞力受碰撞剛度的影響較大;隨擋塊剛度的增大,碰撞力呈現先增大后又減小的變化趨勢,存在一個可以導致橋梁下部結構地震作用最大的剛度值;剛度越大擋塊限位能力越強;普通單擋塊結構的初始間距對擋塊的地震反應受輸入地震波影響較大,很難確定統一的最佳初始間距。(3)采用Midas-Civil軟件建立了含雙重擋塊結構的有限元模型,通過與相同條件下的普通擋塊進行對比分析其抗震性能,并研究了內擋塊剛度、初始間距對雙重擋塊抗震性能的影響。分析發(fā)現:雙重擋塊抗震性能受內擋塊剛度以及輸入地震波的影響較大,較小剛度的耗能構件僅能消散較少的地震作用,過大剛度的內擋塊會與主梁產生較大碰撞力,影響裝置的抗震性能,最佳內擋塊剛度在不同地震波作用下并不統一。但總的來講,采用合適剛度非線性內擋塊的雙重擋塊結構能夠有效地降低橋梁墩底的地震作用。在保證內擋塊足夠耗能空間的前提下,內擋塊初始間距對雙重擋塊抗震性能的影響較小。(4)通過改變橋梁墩高,研究了墩高對雙重擋塊抗震的影響,同時分析了不同墩高下內擋塊初始間距的變化影響。在擋塊結構相同的情況下,橋墩越高,擋塊與主梁的碰撞力越小;在保證內擋塊足夠耗能空間的前提下,墩高變化對內擋塊初始間距選擇的影響較小;主梁位移量受墩高變化的影的變化量較小,擋塊的限位功能可忽略墩高的影響。
[Abstract]:In recent years, seismicity is active in China, and many bridge structures have been damaged in earthquake. How to ensure the safe and reliable passage of bridge lines after the earthquake has become a problem of great concern in current engineering research. The block block is the main component which limits the displacement of the main beam in the transverse protection support of the bridge, and it is also an important structural measure for the earthquake resistance of the transverse bridge in the earthquake area. Most of the existing cross-bridge seismic blocks are designed by single line of defense, which can not meet the dual requirements of energy consumption and limit in seismic design at the same time. In this paper, the problems existing in the seismic design and research of the horizontal limit block of the bridge structure are considered. On the basis of the existing limited block, the principle of "multi-line defense line, function separation, step by step effect" is taken as the principle. Referring to the popular idea of ductile earthquake resistance at present, a new transverse bridge aseismic structure is designed. It can not only limit the displacement of the bridge but also dissipate the seismic force and reduce the seismic response of the bridge structure. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1) A new type of anti-seismic structure of double block anti-falling beam is put forward. The inner side is a small energy dissipation block, and the plastic deformation of the steel member dissipates the seismic action, while the outside is a rigid limit block with large stiffness and bearing capacity, which limits the relative displacement of the main beam in the transverse direction by its strong stability. The joint action of energy dissipation block and rigid block can effectively exert the seismic and seismic absorption function of the block in the transverse direction of the bridge. The nonlinear time-history analysis method is used. The effects of stiffness and initial spacing on the seismic response of single block are studied respectively. It is found that ignoring the collision between the block and the main beam will underestimate the seismic response of the bridge structure, and the impact force will be greatly affected by the impact stiffness, and the impact force will increase first and then decrease with the increase of the block stiffness. There is a stiffness value which can lead to the maximum seismic action of the bridge substructure; the greater the stiffness, the stronger the limiting capacity of the block. The initial spacing of the common single-block structure is greatly affected by the seismic response of the retaining block, and the influence of the initial spacing of the common single-block structure on the seismic response of the retaining block is greater. It is difficult to determine the uniform optimal initial spacing. (3) the finite element model of the structure with double retaining blocks is established by using Midas-Civil software. The seismic performance of the block is compared with that of the common block under the same conditions, and the stiffness of the inner retaining block is studied. The effect of initial spacing on seismic performance of double block. It is found that the aseismic performance of double retaining blocks is greatly affected by the internal block stiffness and the input seismic wave. The energy dissipation members with smaller stiffness can only dissipate less seismic action, and the inner retaining block with too large stiffness will produce a large collision force with the main beam. The optimum block stiffness is not uniform under different seismic waves. But in general, the double block structure with suitable stiffness and nonlinear internal retaining block can effectively reduce the seismic action at the bottom of the bridge pier. On the premise of ensuring enough energy dissipation space, the influence of the initial spacing of the inner block on the seismic performance of the double retaining block is small. 4) by changing the height of the bridge pier, the influence of the pier height on the earthquake resistance of the double retaining block is studied. At the same time, the influence of the initial spacing of the inner block at different piers is analyzed. In the case of the same block structure, the higher the pier, the smaller the collision force between the retaining block and the main beam, and the smaller the influence of the change of the pier height on the selection of the initial spacing of the inner retaining block under the premise of ensuring enough energy dissipation space of the inner block. The displacement of the main beam is influenced by the height of the pier and the influence of the height of the pier can be neglected.
【學位授予單位】：煙臺大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U442.55

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