本文選題：交通溢流 + 排隊(duì)模型�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的當(dāng)今社會,交通對經(jīng)濟(jì)的促進(jìn)作用不言而喻。然而,隨著汽車保有量的增加,現(xiàn)有的道路資源不能滿足日益增長的交通需求,于是就出現(xiàn)了交通擁堵、事故多發(fā)、環(huán)境污染等問題,這些問題嚴(yán)重阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。近年來,交通擁堵問題越來越嚴(yán)重,交通溢流現(xiàn)象也時(shí)有發(fā)生。交通溢流現(xiàn)象是指由于下游交叉口的制約作用,導(dǎo)致上游車輛從交叉口溢出并造成上游交叉口無法通行的現(xiàn)象。交通溢流是道路交通流過飽和的一種體現(xiàn),如果不加以控制,交通溢流就會從一個(gè)路口迅速漫延到多個(gè)路口甚至整個(gè)路網(wǎng),最終導(dǎo)致整個(gè)交通路網(wǎng)的癱瘓。本文首先在交通流理論的基礎(chǔ)上,對交通溢流的傳播機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究,建立了基于停車波波速的車輛排隊(duì)預(yù)測模型,為交通溢流傳播范圍的確定奠定了基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)本文中對交通小區(qū)的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行深入研究,利用交通小區(qū)宏觀基本圖的有關(guān)理論,首先確定交通小區(qū)能容納的最佳車輛數(shù),然后采用反饋門控制的邊界控制策略,使劃分好的交通小區(qū)內(nèi)的車輛數(shù)保持在一個(gè)合理的狀態(tài),從而使小區(qū)內(nèi)的交通流量達(dá)到最優(yōu),預(yù)防交通擁堵的發(fā)生,同時(shí)論文中利用VISSIM仿真軟件,對控制策略的合理性進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證。對于發(fā)生交通事故狀態(tài)下導(dǎo)致的交通溢流,文中針對交通事故處理的不同階段,采取不同的控制措施來對交通溢流進(jìn)行控制。交通溢流控制整體上遵循"內(nèi)部疏散,外部誘導(dǎo)"的原則,將交通控制和交通誘導(dǎo)結(jié)合形成一個(gè)反饋機(jī)制,對于內(nèi)部區(qū)域,采用反饋門控制策略,以溢流區(qū)域流入流出的車輛數(shù)為控制對象,一方面限制外來車輛的進(jìn)入,另一方面使區(qū)域內(nèi)車輛盡快駛離溢流區(qū)域,盡可能的減少區(qū)域內(nèi)的車輛總數(shù),來實(shí)現(xiàn)對內(nèi)部溢流的消散;同時(shí)在交通溢流區(qū)域的外圍進(jìn)行截流,防止車輛在不知情的狀態(tài)下大量涌入溢流區(qū)域而造成交通溢流的加劇。針對外圍被截流車輛,本文中提出了一種交通溢流狀態(tài)下的車輛路徑選擇方法,該方法針對交通溢流狀態(tài)下有控制措施和無控制措施兩種不同的情況,對出行者提供合理的誘導(dǎo)行駛信息,一方面減少出行者受到交通溢流影響的損失,另一方面能使交通溢流得到有效控制,避免溢流范圍的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。論文中綜合以上研究,開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了一套城市交通溢流預(yù)防控制系統(tǒng),對交通溢流的直觀展示、預(yù)防措施、控制策略等進(jìn)行了可視化的表達(dá),提高交通管理者對交通溢流危害的認(rèn)識,為交通溢流的解決提供科學(xué)合理的指導(dǎo)。綜上所述,本文對交通溢流這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行深入分析,建立了交通溢流擴(kuò)散模型,提出了相應(yīng)的預(yù)防措施來減少交通溢流的發(fā)生,同時(shí)在交通溢流狀態(tài)下提出了合理的控制策略和誘導(dǎo)措施。本文中采用的控制策略,對該領(lǐng)域的后續(xù)研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the rapid economic development of today's society, the role of traffic to promote the economy is self-evident. However, with the increase of vehicle ownership, the existing road resources can not meet the increasing traffic demand, so there are traffic congestion, accidents, environmental pollution and other problems, which seriously hinder the development of the economy. In recent years, traffic congestion problem is becoming more and more serious, traffic overflow phenomenon also occurs from time to time. Traffic overflow phenomenon refers to the phenomenon that the upstream vehicles overflow from the intersection due to the restriction of the downstream intersection and make the upstream intersection impassable. Traffic overflow is a manifestation of road traffic saturation. If it is not controlled, traffic overflow will quickly spread from one intersection to many intersections or even the whole road network, resulting in the paralysis of the entire traffic network. On the basis of the theory of traffic flow, this paper studies the mechanism of traffic overflow propagation, and establishes the vehicle queue prediction model based on the stop wave velocity, which lays a foundation for the determination of the traffic overflow propagation range. At the same time, this paper makes a deep research on the nature of the traffic district. By using the relevant theory of the macroscopic basic map of the traffic district, we first determine the optimal number of vehicles that can be accommodated in the traffic district, and then adopt the boundary control strategy of feedback gate control. In order to keep the number of vehicles in the divided traffic district in a reasonable state, the traffic flow in the district is optimized and the traffic congestion is prevented. At the same time, VISSIM simulation software is used in the paper. The rationality of the control strategy is verified by simulation. For the traffic overflow caused by traffic accident, different control measures are taken to control the traffic overflow in different stages of traffic accident treatment. As a whole, traffic overflow control follows the principle of "internal evacuation, external guidance", and combines traffic control with traffic guidance to form a feedback mechanism. For internal area, feedback gate control strategy is adopted. Taking the number of vehicles flowing in and out of the overflow area as the control object, on the one hand, it restricts the entry of foreign vehicles, on the other hand, it causes the vehicles in the area to leave the overflow area as soon as possible, so as to reduce the total number of vehicles in the area as much as possible. At the same time, the traffic overflow is blocked in the periphery of the traffic overflow area to prevent vehicles from flooding into the overflow area without knowing the situation and causing the traffic overflow to intensify. In this paper, a method of vehicle path selection in traffic overflow state is proposed for the peripheral blocked vehicles. The method is aimed at two different situations of traffic overflow with or without control measures. On the one hand, it can reduce the loss caused by the traffic overflow, on the other hand, it can effectively control the traffic overflow and avoid the further expansion of the overflow range. Based on the above research, a set of urban traffic overflow prevention and control system is developed and designed in this paper. The visual display, prevention measures and control strategies of traffic overflow are visualized. To improve traffic managers' understanding of traffic overflow harm and provide scientific and reasonable guidance for traffic overflow solution. To sum up, this paper deeply analyzes the phenomenon of traffic overflow, establishes a traffic overflow diffusion model, and puts forward corresponding preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of traffic overflow. At the same time, the reasonable control strategy and inductive measures are put forward under the condition of traffic overflow. The control strategy adopted in this paper lays a foundation for further research in this field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491

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本文編號：1830315