本文選題：人工模擬降雨裝置 + 雨型��； 參考：《安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,極端天氣頻繁出現(xiàn),短時(shí)間局部暴雨不斷發(fā)生,致使城市內(nèi)澇頻發(fā)。徑流系數(shù)是城市雨水管渠系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的重要參數(shù)。徑流系數(shù)的取值主要是參考《室外排水設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》中的規(guī)定,而該規(guī)范中徑流系數(shù)的取值是根據(jù)地表類型來選取。已有研究表明徑流系數(shù)是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)變量,在降雨過程中不斷發(fā)生著改變。掌握徑流系數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律是合理設(shè)計(jì)城市雨水管渠系統(tǒng)和低影響開發(fā)雨水系統(tǒng)的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)性工作。因此開展基于降雨過程的典型不透水地表動(dòng)態(tài)徑流系數(shù)的研究具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,將為城市排水系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)和海綿城市建設(shè)提供科學(xué)支撐。本研究以安徽省馬鞍山市為背景,通過發(fā)明研制的人工模擬降雨裝置,選擇典型不透水下墊面瀝青路面和水泥混凝土路面,探討瀝青路面和水泥混凝土路面在不同降雨情景下(降雨雨型、降雨量、降雨歷時(shí)、重現(xiàn)期等)徑流系數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律。在分析比較現(xiàn)有人工模擬降雨裝置功能和特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)明并研制了一種能產(chǎn)生芝加哥雨型等較為復(fù)雜雨型的人工模擬降雨裝置,該裝置包括供水系統(tǒng)、流量測(cè)量切換系統(tǒng)、可調(diào)升降支架系統(tǒng)、噴頭系統(tǒng)和產(chǎn)生芝加哥雨型等的流量程序控制系統(tǒng),能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)試驗(yàn)所需的芝加哥雨型和均勻雨型等。對(duì)于瀝青路面,實(shí)驗(yàn)選取芝加哥雨型作為降雨雨型,降雨歷時(shí)分別選取30min、45min、60min、90min、120min,降雨重現(xiàn)期分別選取1a、2a、3a、5a、10a、20a、30a、50a、100a。在芝加哥雨型下,探討瀝青路面在不同降雨歷時(shí)、不同降雨重現(xiàn)期和不同降雨強(qiáng)度對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)徑流系數(shù)的影響。得到了不同降雨情景下的降雨和徑流的變化過程。對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析擬合得出降雨重現(xiàn)期、降雨歷時(shí)和降雨強(qiáng)度與徑流系數(shù)關(guān)系方程式。通過擬合可以看出瞬時(shí)降雨強(qiáng)度峰值和平均值分別與瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)峰值和平均值呈對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系;降雨歷時(shí)與瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)峰值呈對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系,與瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)平均值呈線性關(guān)系;降雨重現(xiàn)期與瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)峰值和平均值都呈現(xiàn)出對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系。對(duì)于水泥混凝土路面,分別選取芝加哥雨型和均勻雨型作為試驗(yàn)降雨雨型,降雨歷時(shí)為30min、60min、120min,降雨重現(xiàn)期分別選取2a,3a,5a,10a,20a。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,降雨雨型的不同致使產(chǎn)流初始時(shí)間、瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)變化趨勢(shì)和峰值及徑流截止時(shí)間等的不同。降雨強(qiáng)度與瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)呈線性關(guān)系,瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)隨降雨強(qiáng)度的增大而增大。在一定條件下瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)隨降雨量的增大而增大。降雨歷時(shí)與瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)在降雨初期隨降雨的進(jìn)行呈對(duì)數(shù)增長,當(dāng)降雨進(jìn)行一段時(shí)間后瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)逐漸趨向于1。利用SPSS軟件進(jìn)行定量分析,得到了各影響因素與瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)的定量關(guān)系。對(duì)于瀝青路面,降雨強(qiáng)度對(duì)徑流系數(shù)影響最大,降雨歷時(shí)影響次之,重現(xiàn)期影響最小。對(duì)于水泥混凝土路面,瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)的大小由降雨強(qiáng)度、降雨量和降雨歷時(shí)等影響因素共同決定。瞬時(shí)徑流系數(shù)是由多因素決定的動(dòng)態(tài)變量。通過對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析得出,瀝青路面和水泥混凝土路面徑流系數(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)變化隨降雨歷時(shí)、降雨強(qiáng)度和降雨量等影響影響因素在變化趨勢(shì)上類似。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather and the continuous occurrence of short time local rainstorms make urban waterlogging frequent. The runoff coefficient is an important parameter in the design of urban rainwater pipe and canal system. The value of runoff coefficient is mainly reference to the regulations of the outdoor drainage design code, and the value of runoff coefficient in this specification is selected according to the type of the surface. The current research shows that the runoff coefficient is a dynamic variable and is constantly changing during the rainfall process. To master the dynamic change law of the runoff coefficient is a key basic work for the rational design of the urban rainwater pipe and canal system and the low impact development of the rainwater system. The study of coefficient is of great practical significance. It will provide scientific support for the planning and design of urban drainage system and the construction of the sponge city. This study takes the Ma'anshan city of Anhui as the background to select the typical impermeable surface of asphalt pavement and cement concrete pavement through the artificial simulated rainfall device developed, and discuss the asphalt pavement and cement. On the basis of analyzing and comparing the functions and characteristics of the existing artificial rainfall equipment, a kind of artificial simulated rainfall device, which can produce more complex rain types such as Chicago rain type, is developed and developed. It includes the water supply system, the flow measurement switching system, the adjustable lifting support system, the sprinkler system and the flow program control system of the Chicago rain type, which can realize the Chicago rain type and the uniform rain type needed for the test. For the asphalt pavement, the rain type of Chicago is selected as the rainfall rainfall pattern, and the rainfall duration is selected as 30min, 45mi N, 60min, 90min, 120min, select 1a, 2a, 3a, 5A, 10a, 20a, 30a, 50a, respectively, under the rain pattern of Chicago, to discuss the effect of different rainfall duration and rainfall intensity on the dynamic runoff coefficient in different rainfall periods, and get the change process of rainfall and runoff under different rainfall scenarios. The relation equation of rainfall recurrence period, rainfall duration and rainfall intensity and runoff coefficient is obtained by line analysis fitting. Through fitting, it can be found that the peak and average value of instantaneous rainfall intensity are logarithmic relation with the peak and average of instantaneous runoff coefficient, and the relationship between rainfall duration and the peak of instantaneous runoff coefficient is logarithmic, and the average of instantaneous runoff coefficient is average. The rainfall recurrence period has a logarithmic relationship with the peak and average value of the instantaneous runoff coefficient. For the cement concrete pavement, the rain type and the uniform rain type in Chicago are selected as the experimental rainfall patterns. The rainfall duration is 30min, 60min, 120min, and the rainfall recurrence period is selected as 2a, 3a, 5A, 10a, 20A. test results show rain rain. The variation trend of the runoff coefficient and the peak and runoff cut-off time are different. The rainfall intensity has a linear relationship with the instantaneous runoff coefficient, and the instantaneous runoff coefficient increases with the increase of rainfall intensity. Under certain conditions, the instantaneous runoff coefficient increases with the increase of rainfall. Rainfall duration and instantaneous runoff coefficient are increased. The runoff coefficient grows logarithmically with the rainfall in the early period of rainfall. The instantaneous runoff coefficient gradually tends to 1. by SPSS software after a period of rainfall. The quantitative relationship between the influence factors and the instantaneous runoff coefficient is obtained. For the asphalt pavement, the rainfall intensity has the greatest influence on the runoff coefficient and the rainfall duration. For cement concrete pavement, the instantaneous runoff coefficient is determined by the influence factors such as rainfall intensity, rainfall and rainfall duration. The instantaneous runoff coefficient is a dynamic variable determined by multiple factors. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the runoff coefficient of asphalt pavement and cement concrete pavement changes dynamically. With the duration of rainfall, rainfall intensity and rainfall influence factors are similar.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U417.3;TU992

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