本文選題：管道系統(tǒng) + 應(yīng)力分析��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：壓力管道是生產(chǎn)過程中極易發(fā)生爆裂、泄漏以及疲勞損壞的一種危險(xiǎn)性很大的特殊設(shè)備,主要應(yīng)用在石油、化工、冶金、電力以及市政供水供暖和供燃?xì)獾雀鱾�(gè)行業(yè)之中。管道的安全運(yùn)行對我們的生活生產(chǎn)都十分的重要,管道的安全取決于管道應(yīng)力、振動(dòng)的有機(jī)結(jié)合,因此如何在配管后優(yōu)化管道設(shè)置,使應(yīng)力與振動(dòng)因素都滿足相應(yīng)的規(guī)范要求,這是管道安全評定的關(guān)鍵。本文在管道應(yīng)力分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對工業(yè)管道所受的載荷,載荷對管道產(chǎn)生的作用以及失效形式進(jìn)行了研究。通過梁模型對管道的運(yùn)行工況進(jìn)行了力學(xué)模擬計(jì)算,將計(jì)算得到的應(yīng)力值與管道材料許用應(yīng)力值進(jìn)行分析對比,對管系上的不合理結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)計(jì)因素提供優(yōu)化改進(jìn)方案。在管道的熱應(yīng)力分析中,提出在配管中不應(yīng)以最短原則為唯一目標(biāo),而是要考慮到管道的熱膨脹量引起的位移與推力,利用管道走向形成的L形或Z形自然補(bǔ)償器的補(bǔ)償能力來消除熱脹載荷對設(shè)備與支架的推力。其次,支架的跨距直接決定了持續(xù)性載荷下的一次應(yīng)力是否能夠在許用值范圍內(nèi),最大允許跨距由管道的強(qiáng)度和剛度兩個(gè)因素決定,取其較小值作為設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)。最后,存在熱應(yīng)力的立管應(yīng)力分析中,若采用承重支架,在運(yùn)行態(tài)下分析了各支架節(jié)點(diǎn)位置的管道位移,立管處的支架都有不同程度的脫空現(xiàn)象,使支架失效,因此在立管上設(shè)置支架應(yīng)考慮采用彈簧支架。在優(yōu)化后的管道應(yīng)力分析滿足規(guī)范條件的基礎(chǔ)上,對管道系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行模擬分析計(jì)算,依據(jù)計(jì)算所得的管道固有頻率,對管道系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化調(diào)整,避免了工作時(shí)管道發(fā)生機(jī)械共振。所以本文采用有限元分析的方法,并以此為基礎(chǔ)運(yùn)用子空間迭代法求解復(fù)雜管道的固有頻率。通過分析管道的固有頻率與剛度的關(guān)系,提出了在管道滿足柔性條件的情況下盡量減少彎管的存在以提高管道系統(tǒng)的固有頻率。并提出了避免管道發(fā)生共振的優(yōu)化方案,以保障管道系統(tǒng)在安全可靠的條件下運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:Pressure pipeline is a kind of special equipment which is easy to burst, leak and fatigue damage in production process. It is mainly used in petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, electric power, municipal water supply, heating and gas supply and so on. The safe operation of pipeline is very important to our daily production. The safety of pipeline depends on the organic combination of pipeline stress and vibration. This is the key of pipeline safety assessment. Based on the stress analysis of the pipeline, the paper studies the load, the effect of the load on the pipeline and the failure form of the industrial pipeline. In this paper, the mechanical simulation calculation of pipeline operating condition is carried out through beam model, and the calculated stress value is compared with the allowable stress value of pipe material, which provides an optimized improvement scheme for the unreasonable structure and design factors of pipe system. In the thermal stress analysis of pipeline, it is proposed that the shortest principle should not be regarded as the sole objective, but the displacement and thrust caused by the thermal expansion of the pipeline should be taken into account. The compensation ability of the L-shaped or Z-shaped natural compensator formed by the pipeline strike is used to eliminate the thrust of the thermal expansion load on the equipment and the support. Secondly, the span of the support directly determines whether the primary stress under the sustained load can be within the allowable value, and the maximum allowable span is determined by the strength and stiffness of the pipe, and the smaller value is taken as the design basis. Finally, in the stress analysis of riser with thermal stress, if the load-bearing support is used, the pipeline displacement at the node position of the support is analyzed under the running state, and the support at the riser has different degree of void phenomenon, which makes the support invalid. Therefore, the use of spring support should be considered in the installation of support on the riser. On the basis that the stress analysis of the optimized pipeline meets the requirements of the code, the vibration characteristics of the pipeline system are simulated and calculated, and the pipeline system is optimized and adjusted according to the calculated natural frequency of the pipeline. The mechanical resonance of the pipeline is avoided. In this paper, the finite element method is used to solve the natural frequency of complex pipeline. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the natural frequency and the stiffness of the pipeline, it is proposed to reduce the existence of the curved pipe in order to increase the natural frequency of the pipeline system under the condition that the pipe satisfies the flexible condition. An optimization scheme to avoid pipeline resonance is proposed to ensure the pipeline system to operate under safe and reliable conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U171

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