本文選題：隧道照明 + 司辰視覺��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近些年來,不斷發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)交通網(wǎng)密集度和道路安全建設(shè)提出了更高的要求。公路隧道作為道路交通中很重要的一部分,人們對(duì)其建設(shè)與運(yùn)營(yíng)的關(guān)注度也日益提升。由于隧道的特殊結(jié)構(gòu),在隧道的出入口分別有“白洞效應(yīng)”和“黑洞效應(yīng)”,此外,在道路照明過程中還會(huì)出現(xiàn)“頻閃效應(yīng)”和“斑馬效應(yīng)”等,嚴(yán)重影響駕駛員的安全駕駛。同時(shí),數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查顯示,疲勞駕駛已經(jīng)成為造成交通事故的最大元兇之一,且人感受到的外界信息有80%以上是來自于視覺。基于以上方面考慮,本文對(duì)在隧道照明環(huán)境下,照明光源對(duì)人眼視疲勞和視敏度的影響進(jìn)行了模擬研究,開展了以下工作：首先,本文對(duì)常用照明光源的發(fā)光機(jī)理及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了整合分析,通過分析可得在照明效果方面LED燈具有極大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。所以,本課題選用了隧道照明常用的高壓鈉燈和高、中、低三種色溫的LED燈進(jìn)行照明效果研究；由于隧道的照明環(huán)境亮度是處于中間視覺的狀態(tài)下,所以本課題在照明效果評(píng)價(jià)方法中選用了視覺功效法進(jìn)行研究。然后,提出人眼光生物效應(yīng)作為實(shí)驗(yàn)的理論基礎(chǔ),分析了人眼光生物效應(yīng)的機(jī)理。研究表明,人眼存在著除明視覺和暗視覺以外的第三種視覺效應(yīng)——司辰視覺。司辰視覺是特指可見光線通過人眼視網(wǎng)膜感光細(xì)胞而進(jìn)一步對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生相關(guān)的生物效應(yīng),如控制人的生理參數(shù)、影響人的生理節(jié)律等的現(xiàn)象。研究表明,司辰視覺的光視效率函數(shù)的波峰處于短波區(qū),對(duì)460nm左右的光線最為敏感。最后,本文從安全性的角度,從現(xiàn)有的照明條件及技術(shù)出發(fā),通過暗室內(nèi)模擬隧道交通環(huán)境,分別選用高壓鈉燈和高(色溫4765K)、中(色溫4054K)、低(色溫3177K)三種色溫的白光LED通過控制變量的方法分組實(shí)驗(yàn),探究不同光源照射下人眼視疲勞和視敏度的情況。結(jié)果顯示,高色溫LED燈具在以上兩個(gè)方面的實(shí)驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)出了更高的閃光融合頻率指數(shù)和更低的瞳孔直徑指數(shù),根據(jù)閃光融合頻率指數(shù)與視疲勞的反比關(guān)系以及孔瞳孔直徑指數(shù)與視敏度的反比關(guān)系,高色溫LED燈具表現(xiàn)出了更為優(yōu)良的照明性能,即在同等亮度下不僅可以減輕人眼的疲勞度,而且可以提高駕駛員的視敏度。同時(shí),本文運(yùn)用等效亮度計(jì)算公式計(jì)算了四種光源的等效亮度,計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示,高色溫LED燈具在司辰視覺情況下的等效亮度為605cd/m2,明顯高于其他光源,驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論的正確性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the continuous development of the economy has put forward higher requirements for traffic network density and road safety construction. Highway tunnel as an important part of road traffic, people pay more attention to its construction and operation. Because of the special structure of the tunnel, there are "white hole effect" and "black hole effect" at the entrance and exit of the tunnel respectively. In addition, "stroboscopic effect" and "zebra effect" will also appear in the course of road lighting, which seriously affects the driver's safe driving. At the same time, the data survey shows that fatigue driving has become one of the biggest culprits in traffic accidents, and more than 80% of the external information that people feel comes from vision. Based on the above considerations, the effects of lighting sources on human visual fatigue and visual acuity in tunnel lighting environment are simulated and studied. The following works are carried out: first of all, In this paper, the luminescence mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of common lighting sources are analyzed. It is concluded that LED lamps have great advantages in lighting effect. Therefore, this topic chooses the high-pressure sodium lamp and the LED lamp with high, middle and low color temperature, which are commonly used in tunnel lighting, to study the lighting effect. Because the lighting environment brightness of tunnel is in the state of intermediate vision, Therefore, the visual efficacy method is selected in the evaluation method of lighting effect. Then, the biological effect of human vision is proposed as the theoretical basis of the experiment, and the mechanism of the biological effect of human eye is analyzed. The study shows that there is a third visual effect in human eyes, except bright vision and dark vision. Stochenne vision refers to the phenomenon that visible light can further produce biological effects on human body through human retinal photoreceptor cells, such as controlling human physiological parameters and affecting human physiological rhythm and so on. The results show that the peak of the optical efficiency function of Sten vision is in the short wave region and is most sensitive to the light around 460nm. Finally, from the point of view of safety, starting from the existing lighting conditions and technologies, the tunnel traffic environment is simulated in the dark room. Three kinds of white LED with high pressure sodium lamp and high color temperature (color temperature 4765 KT, medium color temperature 4054 KT, low color temperature 3177K) were selected to study the visual fatigue and visual acuity of human eyes under different light sources by the method of controlling variables. The results showed that high color temperature LED lamps showed higher flash fusion frequency index and lower pupil diameter index. According to the inverse ratio between flash fusion frequency index and visual fatigue and the inverse ratio between pupil diameter index and visual acuity, high color temperature LED lamps exhibit better lighting performance. That is, under the same brightness, not only can reduce the fatigue of human eyes, but also can improve the driver's visual acuity. At the same time, the equivalent luminance of four light sources is calculated by using the formula of equivalent luminance. The results show that the equivalent brightness of LED lamps with high color temperature is 605cd/ m2, which is obviously higher than that of other light sources, which verifies the correctness of the experimental results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U453.7

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