本文選題：隧道爆破 + 爆破地震波�。� 參考：《重慶交通大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著科學技術(shù)的進步、社會的發(fā)展,城市和山區(qū)鐵路、公路隧道及地下工程發(fā)展迅速,盡管科學工作者們及工程師們不斷的在開拓新的施工工藝,但奧地利礦山工藝法依然是當前隧道及地下工程最為主要的工程施工方法之一。而礦山施工法主要采用爆破施工,爆破工藝是一把雙刃劍,有利有弊。將爆破工程運用在工程中,可以打通道路、開山辟路、開托地下空間等給人類帶來更多的生活、工作、娛樂、居住、運輸、防空等更多的空間。但爆破在帶給我們雄偉工程的過程中也會給人類帶來很多危害,特別是在爆破地震作用在對人畜縱多、建(構(gòu))筑物復(fù)雜的區(qū)域,爆破往往會危及人畜安全和使得建(構(gòu))筑物受損,對周圍環(huán)境造成不同程度的影響。為了探究爆破地震波對圍巖及建筑物的一系列影響,筆者以某隧道為背景,運用實測、數(shù)模等方法建立建筑物實體模型和框架結(jié)構(gòu)模型,對爆破地震波效應(yīng)、爆破對周圍環(huán)境的影響、因爆破地震波引起的圍巖及建筑物的響應(yīng)進行了分析;同時以某礦山、隧道的現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)為樣本進行爆破震動災(zāi)害預(yù)測模型的研究,旨在通過理論的深入和升華,分析爆破地震波對圍巖及鄰近建筑物的影響等問題。文章主要結(jié)果及結(jié)論如下:①通過對爆破地震波效應(yīng)理論的論述與分析,得到炸藥性能、巖體性質(zhì)、爆破條件、爆破工藝以及安全距離、噪聲、粉塵、有毒有害氣體等多因素對爆破作用效果及對周邊建(構(gòu))筑物環(huán)境的影響情況,警戒涉爆人員要加強技術(shù)交底、施工過程謹慎操作、嚴格按照規(guī)范和施工方案施工、事故后按照正確的方法處理及執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的應(yīng)急預(yù)案等,切實減少不必要的損失。②現(xiàn)場實測爆破震動的最大合速度為1.0575cm/s,其對應(yīng)的主頻為59.7010Hz。速度值小于爆破安全規(guī)程規(guī)定標準,震動主頻也遠大于該建筑物的自振頻率(估算4Hz左右),分析實測情形建筑物很難產(chǎn)生共振破壞。但隨著爆心距的增加震動頻率會有所降低,爆心距較遠的建筑物要比較近的建筑物更容易產(chǎn)生共振破壞。③建筑物實體和框架結(jié)構(gòu)模型實驗均表明隧道爆破已開挖段爆心距3100~4600cm范圍內(nèi)“空洞效應(yīng)”表現(xiàn)強烈,其中框架結(jié)構(gòu)靜彈模工況已開挖段合速度放大效應(yīng)最大可達到1.56倍,Z向速度最大放大倍數(shù)為1.44倍;動彈模工況合速度放大效應(yīng)最大可達到2.42倍,Z向速度最大放大倍數(shù)為2.19倍。表明“空洞效應(yīng)”存在一定的區(qū)域性,且“空洞效應(yīng)”跟圍巖參數(shù)相關(guān),硬巖的“空洞效應(yīng)”較軟巖要明顯一些。④針對框架結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)模工況,可發(fā)現(xiàn)建筑物高層計算點位最大Z向震速為2.2389cm/s,已經(jīng)超過國家爆破安全規(guī)程規(guī)定的震速要求,值得加大重視力度。表明高層建筑物某些部位很容易產(chǎn)生“放大效應(yīng)”(不同結(jié)構(gòu)類型放大部位不一樣),且“放大效應(yīng)”隨圍巖參數(shù)的不同也表現(xiàn)不一,靜彈模工況情形“放大效應(yīng)”要明顯高于動彈模工況,軟巖工況“放大效應(yīng)”較硬巖工況表現(xiàn)明顯。⑤通過專家經(jīng)驗法和基于LM-BP方法對礦山、隧道實測數(shù)據(jù)進行預(yù)測分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)驗公式在不同的實際情況中表現(xiàn)不一;而基于LM-BP的爆破震動災(zāi)害預(yù)測模型在筆者計算的礦山、隧道實驗中相比傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ陀懈玫男Ч?可作為爆破設(shè)計中的輔助參考模型。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology, the development of society, the rapid development of urban and mountainous railway, highway tunnel and underground engineering, although the scientific workers and engineers are constantly developing new construction technology, the mining technology in Austria is still one of the most important construction methods in the tunnel and underground engineering. The construction method mainly adopts the blasting construction, and the blasting technology is a double-edged sword, which has advantages and disadvantages. The blasting engineering can be used in the engineering, which can open the road, open the mountain road, and open the underground space to bring more life, work, entertainment, residence, transportation, air defense and so on. But the blasting is also in the process of bringing our majestic engineering. It will bring a lot of harm to the human being, especially in the blasting earthquake action in the human and animal longitudinal and building complex areas. Blasting often endangers the safety of human and animal, and makes the construction damage to the surrounding environment. In order to explore a series of effects on the surrounding rock and the building, the author takes a tunnel. As the background, the building entity model and the frame structure model are established by the method of measurement and number model. The effect of blasting seismic wave, the influence of blasting on the surrounding environment, the response of the surrounding rock and the building caused by the blasting seismic wave are analyzed, and the prediction model of the blasting vibration disaster is carried out by the field data of a mine and the tunnel. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of blasting seismic waves on surrounding rock and adjacent buildings through the in-depth and sublimation of theory. The main results and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the performance of explosives, rock mass properties, blasting conditions, blasting technology and safety distance, noise and dust are obtained by the discussion and analysis of the theory of blasting seismic wave effect. The effect of toxic and harmful gas and other factors on the effect of blasting and the environment of surrounding construction (construction), the police officers should strengthen the technical bottom of the technology, carefully operate the construction process, strictly follow the standard and construction plan, handle and execute the corresponding emergency plan according to the correct method after the accident, effectively reduce the unnecessary The maximum combined velocity of the field measured blasting vibration is 1.0575cm/s, and its corresponding main frequency is less than the 59.7010Hz. velocity of the blasting safety regulation, and the main frequency of the vibration is far greater than the self vibration frequency of the building (estimated about 4Hz). The frequency will be reduced, and the nearer buildings are more prone to resonance damage. 3. The building entity and frame structure model experiments show that the "cavitation effect" in the tunnel blasting section of the blasting section is strong in the range of 3100~4600cm. The maximum effect can reach 1.56 times, the maximum magnification of Z to speed is 1.44 times, the maximum amplification effect of the kinetic model can reach 2.42 times and the maximum magnification of the Z direction is 2.19 times. It indicates that the "cavitation effect" has a certain regionally, and the "cavitation effect" is related to the surrounding rock parameters, and the "cavitation effect" of hard rock is more than that of soft rock. In view of the working conditions of the frame structure, it is found that the maximum Z direction velocity of the high-rise building calculation point is 2.2389cm/s, which has exceeded the requirements of the national blasting safety regulations, and it is worth increasing attention. And the "amplification effect" varies with the different parameters of the surrounding rock. The "amplification effect" of the static elastic mode condition is obviously higher than that of the kinetic model. The "magnifying effect" of the soft rock condition is more obvious than that of the hard rock. 5. Through the expert experience method and the LM-BP method, the actual data of the mine and tunnel are predicted and analyzed, and the experience is found. The formula is different in different actual conditions, and the prediction model of blasting vibration disaster based on LM-BP is better than the traditional empirical model in the mine and tunnel experiment. It can be used as an auxiliary reference model in blasting design.

【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U455.6

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