本文選題：駕駛疲勞 + 重型長途貨運(yùn)汽車��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國汽車保有量的不斷增加和交通運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,道路交通事故日益成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題。駕駛疲勞是造成交通事故,特別是高速公路事故和夜間追尾事故最主要的原因之一。故研究駕駛疲勞,指導(dǎo)駕駛員安全駕駛,合理安排駕駛時(shí)間刻不容緩。然而目前對(duì)于汽車駕駛疲勞的研究以進(jìn)行室內(nèi)駕駛模擬試驗(yàn)為主,缺少實(shí)時(shí)道路跟車試驗(yàn),特別是缺少針對(duì)高速公路重型長途貨運(yùn)汽車駕駛的研究。為了研究高速公路汽車駕駛疲勞,本文選取重型長途貨運(yùn)汽車和小轎車作為大型車和小型車的代表,進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)道路跟車試驗(yàn),分析重型長途貨運(yùn)汽車和小轎車高速公路駕駛疲勞情況。本文運(yùn)用人機(jī)工程學(xué)理論,通過測試重型長途貨運(yùn)汽車和小轎車駕駛員在高速公路駕駛時(shí)的心率、反應(yīng)時(shí)間和主觀疲勞,對(duì)駕駛員緊張度、疲勞綜合評(píng)價(jià)值和駕駛時(shí)間安全閾值展開研究,獲得以下結(jié)論:(1)駕駛總質(zhì)量和總尺寸較大的貨車車型,駕駛員心率增加量和心率增加率較大,心率變異系數(shù)較小,緊張度較高。駕駛車型為解放牌倉柵式半掛車的駕駛員心率增加率為32.9%,超過30.0%,故駕駛時(shí)須小心謹(jǐn)慎,駕駛時(shí)間不宜過長。駕駛倉柵式載貨車屬于輕級(jí)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,駕駛半掛車屬于中級(jí)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。隨著貨車總質(zhì)量和車身長度的增大,呈現(xiàn)輕級(jí)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度頻度減小,中級(jí)及較重級(jí)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度頻度增大,疲勞綜合評(píng)價(jià)值增高的趨勢。(2)通過對(duì)各駕駛員不同時(shí)刻的心率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差進(jìn)行分析,確定重型長途貨運(yùn)汽車駕駛員安全駕駛的時(shí)間閾值為3.0h,建議駕駛員連續(xù)駕駛的時(shí)間不宜超過3.0h。(3)在高速公路駕駛小轎車,駕駛速度越高,駕駛員心率增加量和心率增加率越大,心率變異系數(shù)越小,緊張度越高。建立一元非線性回歸模型,得到駕駛員心率增加率與速度之間的二次回歸曲線和二次回歸方程,用于優(yōu)度檢驗(yàn)的決定系數(shù)為0.9693。駕駛員以不同速度駕駛時(shí)均為輕級(jí)勞動(dòng),隨著駕駛速度的增加,呈現(xiàn)輕級(jí)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度頻度降低,中級(jí)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度頻度增加的趨勢,疲勞綜合評(píng)價(jià)值呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢。(4)通過分析在不同駕駛速度條件下,駕駛員在不同時(shí)刻的反應(yīng)時(shí)間得分、主觀問卷調(diào)查得分和心率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,確定駕駛員駕駛速度為80km/h和95km/h時(shí)的駕駛時(shí)間安全閾值為3.5h,駕駛速度為110km/h時(shí)的駕駛時(shí)間安全閾值為3.0h。本文所得的結(jié)論可為高速公路大型車和小型車駕駛員合理安排駕駛時(shí)間,預(yù)防駕駛疲勞提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of vehicles and the continuous development of transportation industry, road traffic accidents have become a serious social problem. Driving fatigue is one of the most important causes of traffic accidents, especially highway accidents and night rear-end accidents. Therefore, it is urgent to study driving fatigue, guide drivers to drive safely and arrange driving time reasonably. However, the current research on vehicle driving fatigue is focused on indoor driving simulation test, and lack of real-time road tracking test, especially for heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicle driving research on freeway. In order to study the driving fatigue of freeway vehicles, this paper selects heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicles and cars as the representatives of large and small vehicles to carry out real-time road tracking tests. This paper analyzes the driving fatigue of heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicles and cars on the freeway. Based on the ergonomics theory, this paper tests the heart rate, reaction time and subjective fatigue of the drivers of heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicles and cars while driving on the freeway. The comprehensive evaluation value of fatigue and safety threshold of driving time were studied, and the following conclusions were obtained: 1) driving truck models with larger total weight and total size, the increase of heart rate and the increase rate of heart rate were larger, the coefficient of heart rate variability was small, and the degree of tension was higher. The increasing rate of heart rate of the driver of Jiefang bunker type semi-trailer is 32. 9, more than 30. 0, so it is necessary to be careful in driving and the driving time should not be too long. Driving bin-grille truck belongs to light labor intensity, driving semi-trailer belongs to intermediate labor intensity. With the increase of the total weight and the length of the truck, the frequency of light labor intensity decreases, and the frequency of intermediate and heavier labor intensity increases. By analyzing the heart rate standard deviation of drivers at different times, The threshold of safe driving time for heavy-duty long-distance freight vehicle drivers is determined to be 3.0 h, and it is recommended that the continuous driving time of drivers should not exceed 3.0 h. (3) the higher the driving speed, the greater the increase in heart rate and the rate of increase in heart rate. The smaller the coefficient of heart rate variability, the higher the tension. The quadratic regression curve and quadratic regression equation between the increasing rate of heart rate and the speed of the driver were obtained. The determining coefficient for the goodness test was 0.9693. When drivers drive at different speeds, they are light labor. With the increase of driving speed, the frequency of light labor intensity decreases, and the frequency of intermediate labor intensity increases. The comprehensive evaluation value of fatigue showed an increasing trend. (4) by analyzing the response time score, subjective questionnaire score and heart rate standard deviation of drivers at different driving speeds, When the driving speed is 80km/h and 95km/h, the driving time safety threshold is 3.5 h, and the driving time safety threshold is 3.0 h when the driving speed is 110km/h. The conclusions obtained in this paper can provide a reference for the drivers of large and small vehicles on expressway to arrange their driving time reasonably and to prevent driving fatigue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.254

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本文編號(hào)：1803030