本文選題：城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 臨界自組織��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著近年來城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn),區(qū)域內(nèi)的中心城市的規(guī)模開始快速擴(kuò)張,不論是從城市面積還是人口密度的角度來看,中心城市已經(jīng)成為各自所在區(qū)域的主要集中點(diǎn)。區(qū)域中心城市從區(qū)域內(nèi)其他區(qū)域吸引而來的大量人口也造成了城市內(nèi)系統(tǒng)性的交通擁堵,日益嚴(yán)重的擁堵大大限制了城市居民出行范圍,造成了城市中的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資的極大浪費(fèi),城市交通系統(tǒng)中的道路資源因?yàn)槌鞘兄心承┕?jié)點(diǎn)的擁堵而得不到充分的利用,而瓶頸路段卻長時(shí)間處于擁堵狀態(tài)。為解決這一問題必須從交通流本質(zhì)和城市路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)這一根源入手,將城市交通視為一個(gè)巨系統(tǒng),如此才能從本源上緩解甚至解決這一問題。因此本文應(yīng)用復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論從宏觀角度分析城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)臨界自組織現(xiàn)象及特性,而且應(yīng)用元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)模型從微觀角度深入剖析城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)上交通流的相變特征,通過對(duì)城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行微觀參數(shù)的研究,可以為緩解城市交通擁堵提供新的思路。復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論自提出以來,已經(jīng)運(yùn)用于多個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,將復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論應(yīng)用于交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)中可以從宏觀層面上很好的理解整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)特性、擁堵的傳播特性、級(jí)聯(lián)失效特性、網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部的動(dòng)力學(xué)特征等相關(guān)特性。而元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)從微觀層面上能夠動(dòng)態(tài)地刻畫出城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)上交通流的微觀物理現(xiàn)象以及內(nèi)部耦合機(jī)理,并且將其應(yīng)用的靈活多樣,可以根據(jù)不同的城市路網(wǎng)條件建立符合實(shí)際情況的交通流模型。本文借鑒吸收國內(nèi)外已有研究,對(duì)城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的臨界自組織現(xiàn)象及特征進(jìn)行深入分析,基于復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論與元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的級(jí)聯(lián)失效過程和相變過程進(jìn)行分析,主要的研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,在對(duì)國內(nèi)外城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)臨界自組織現(xiàn)象和特征研究進(jìn)行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,闡述論文的研究背景、意義以及城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本特征,探討了城市交通復(fù)雜性與復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的關(guān)系,為城市交通復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁堵的產(chǎn)生、傳播、消散分析提供理論基礎(chǔ),為縮短延誤時(shí)間,降低出行成本的研究提供思路和模型框架;其次,介紹復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)中可以描述網(wǎng)路結(jié)構(gòu)特征的相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)量,運(yùn)用復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論對(duì)城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)臨界自組織現(xiàn)象及特性進(jìn)行分析,建立基于可調(diào)負(fù)載重分配的級(jí)聯(lián)失效模型,研究不同的容限系數(shù)、重分配范圍、重分配的均勻性對(duì)整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的級(jí)聯(lián)失效時(shí)間和規(guī)模的影響,得出影響城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的抗毀性包括重分配的范圍、重分配的均勻性等管理控制因素和網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模、容限系數(shù)等設(shè)計(jì)因素。通過適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)負(fù)載重分配的范圍和均勻性,可以保證城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的抗毀性處在一個(gè)較高的水平。適當(dāng)?shù)奶嵘缆返膶挾?可以避免網(wǎng)絡(luò)級(jí)聯(lián)失效現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生;然后,建立NaSch和BML耦合模型,運(yùn)用matlab進(jìn)行模擬仿真并分析其的臨界相變。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,路網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的狀態(tài)和初始密度緊密相關(guān),初始狀態(tài)密度小于某個(gè)特定值時(shí),路網(wǎng)保持自由流狀態(tài),反之,若系統(tǒng)初始密度超出某條件時(shí),完全擁堵現(xiàn)象極易發(fā)生,同時(shí)完全堵塞的構(gòu)行將會(huì)出現(xiàn);最后,建立更符合現(xiàn)實(shí)情況的隨機(jī)更新的城市道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,引入轉(zhuǎn)向概率,分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模、轉(zhuǎn)向概率對(duì)各個(gè)方向上的流量影響。隨著系統(tǒng)尺寸增大,臨界密度降低,并且引起更急劇的躍遷,當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)尺寸繼續(xù)增大時(shí),臨界密度趨于穩(wěn)定。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的車輛通過增加從右(上)向上(右)方向的轉(zhuǎn)向概率,即urp(rup)增加時(shí)固定rup(urp),上行(右行)車輛的平均速度會(huì)隨之增加,除了當(dāng)rup(urp)取值較小時(shí)有輕微的下降,然而,右行(上行)車輛的平均速度會(huì)在增加前下降。
[Abstract]:With the progress of urbanization in recent years, the scale of central cities in the region has been expanding rapidly. Whether it is from the perspective of urban area or population density, central cities have become the main concentration points in their respective regions. A large number of population attracted by the regional central cities from the other regions in the region have also been caused. Urban traffic congestion and increasingly serious congestion have greatly restricted the travel scope of urban residents, resulting in a great waste of urban transportation infrastructure investment. The road resources in the urban traffic system are not fully utilized because of congestion in some cities, but the bottleneck section is in a long period of congestion. In order to solve this problem, we must start with the root of traffic flow nature and urban road network structure, regard urban traffic as a giant system, so as to alleviate or even solve this problem from the source. Therefore, this paper applies complex network theory to analyze the critical self-organization phenomenon and characteristics of urban road network from a macro perspective and its application. Cellular automata model analyses the phase transformation characteristics of traffic flow on urban road network from a microscopic point of view. Through the study of the microscopic parameters of urban traffic network operation state, it can provide a new idea for alleviating urban traffic congestion. Since the complex network theory has been put forward, it has been used in many disciplines and complex network theory. On the traffic network, we can understand the structure characteristics of the whole network, the propagation characteristics of congestion, the cascading failure characteristics, the dynamic characteristics of the network and other related characteristics from the macro level, and the cellular automata can dynamically depict the microscopic physical phenomena of traffic flow on the urban road network from the micro level. The internal coupling mechanism, and the flexible and diverse application of it, can set up the traffic flow model according to the different urban road network conditions. This paper draws lessons from the existing research at home and abroad, analyzes the critical self-organization phenomenon and characteristics of the urban road network, and based on the complex network theory and the cellular automata to the city The cascading failure process and phase change process of road network are analyzed. The main contents are as follows: first, on the basis of combing the critical self-organizing phenomenon and characteristics of urban road network at home and abroad, the research background, significance and basic characteristics of urban road network are expounded, and the complexity of urban traffic is discussed. The relationship between complex networks provides a theoretical basis for the formation, propagation, and dissipation of traffic congestion in urban traffic complex networks, and provides a framework for reducing the delay time and reducing travel costs. Secondly, it introduces the related statistics that can describe the characteristics of network structure in complex networks, and uses complex network theory to the urban road. The critical self organizing phenomenon and characteristics of the road network are analyzed, and a cascade failure model based on adjustable negative load distribution is established, and the influence of different tolerance coefficient, redistribution range and redistribution uniformity on the cascading failure time and scale of the whole network is studied. Management control factors such as distribution uniformity, network scale, tolerance factor and other design factors. By properly adjusting the range and uniformity of load redistribution, the destruction of urban road network can be guaranteed at a higher level. The proper promotion of road width can avoid the occurrence of network cascading failure; then, establish N The coupling model of aSch and BML is used to simulate and analyze the critical phase transition with MATLAB. The calculation results show that the state of the road network is closely related to the initial density. When the initial state density is less than a certain value, the road network maintains the free flow state. Conversely, if the initial density of the system exceeds a certain condition, the complete congestion phenomenon is very easy to occur. At the same time, the completely blocked construction will appear. Finally, a random updated urban road network model, which is more consistent with the reality, is set up, the steering probability is introduced, the network size is analyzed, and the steering probability affects the flow in all directions. As the size of the system increases, the critical density is lower, and a more sharp transition is caused, when the network size continues. When increasing, the critical density tends to be stable. By increasing the steering probability in the right (right) direction from the right (right), that is, the URP (RUP) increases the RUP (URP), the average speed of the upward (right) vehicle increases, except when the value of the RUP (URP) decreases slightly, however, the average speed of the right line (upper) vehicle will be at the average speed Drop before the increase.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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本文編號(hào)：1798629