本文選題：航站樓前車道邊 + 微觀交通仿真　； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：航空客流的迅猛增長(zhǎng)給很多機(jī)場(chǎng)航站樓前車道邊帶來了前所未有的壓力,產(chǎn)生了諸如交通擁堵、交通秩序混亂以及機(jī)動(dòng)車排放引起的機(jī)場(chǎng)周邊區(qū)域空氣污染等問題。同時(shí)機(jī)場(chǎng)航站樓前車道邊作為旅客大量聚集的地方,機(jī)動(dòng)車排放的污染物必然也會(huì)對(duì)來往機(jī)場(chǎng)的旅客健康造成直接威脅。解決機(jī)場(chǎng)航站樓前車道邊排放污染問題的基礎(chǔ)是精確量化各種運(yùn)行方案及交通狀態(tài)下的排放量以及對(duì)行人的影響。鑒于此,本文擬建立車道邊行人受機(jī)動(dòng)車排放影響的分析方法,其中由于排放的測(cè)算對(duì)車輛交通運(yùn)行特性極為敏感,所以還建立針對(duì)機(jī)場(chǎng)航站樓前車道邊復(fù)雜交通運(yùn)行狀況、面向排放測(cè)算的微觀交通仿真模型,并在首都國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)對(duì)所建模型進(jìn)行實(shí)例應(yīng)用。首先,設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)場(chǎng)航站樓前車道邊的交通數(shù)據(jù)采集方法,包括收集體現(xiàn)靜態(tài)特征的交通基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)以及體現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)特征的車輛和行人交通數(shù)據(jù)。最終通過跟車“轉(zhuǎn)圈”得到浮動(dòng)車軌跡數(shù)據(jù),采集得到車輛的停車間距、停車時(shí)間、行程時(shí)間,以及行人的行程時(shí)間、取放行李時(shí)間和可接受時(shí)間間隙。其次,設(shè)計(jì)基于交通仿真的“排放測(cè)算—污染物擴(kuò)散—行人暴露”模型的分析方法,來分析車道邊行人受機(jī)動(dòng)車排放影響。首先利用機(jī)動(dòng)車比功率(VSP)變量通過工況數(shù)據(jù)建立基于航站樓前車道邊仿真的排放測(cè)算模型。然后通過擴(kuò)散模型模擬得到機(jī)場(chǎng)航站樓前車道邊區(qū)域污染物濃度的分布情況,并通過分析行人對(duì)污染物暴露的時(shí)空分布,建立行人暴露模型,評(píng)估分析機(jī)動(dòng)車污染物對(duì)于行人健康的影響。再次,建立面向排放測(cè)算的航站樓前車道邊微觀交通仿真模型,并在數(shù)據(jù)采集的基礎(chǔ)上重點(diǎn)考慮車輛在航站樓前車道邊均需路邊�？亢腿塑嚱豢楊l繁的現(xiàn)象,對(duì)仿真模型中的重要參數(shù)的分布進(jìn)行標(biāo)定。參數(shù)標(biāo)定后發(fā)現(xiàn)仿真模型的精度明顯提高,行程時(shí)間的仿真誤差均控制在5%以內(nèi),此外,輸出和實(shí)測(cè)的VSPBin分布展現(xiàn)同樣的規(guī)律,因此表明標(biāo)定后的模型可以模擬航站樓前車道邊的實(shí)際運(yùn)行情況并用于尾氣排放的測(cè)算。最后,以首都國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)T3航站樓出發(fā)層為研究區(qū)域,運(yùn)用車道邊行人受機(jī)動(dòng)車排放影響的分析方法對(duì)3分鐘限時(shí)停車改進(jìn)方案進(jìn)行評(píng)估。分析發(fā)現(xiàn),改進(jìn)方案與現(xiàn)狀方案相比行程時(shí)間大幅下降27.4%,平均延誤縮短9.8%,因此有效的提高了通行效率。此外,改進(jìn)方案在怠速運(yùn)行模式下降低了 50.51%污染物小時(shí)排放量,CO、NOx、HC排放因子分別降低了 4.51%、6.57%、15.02%,可以看出改進(jìn)方案可以有效減少機(jī)動(dòng)車排放污染物。最后,用擴(kuò)散模型模擬三種污染物的擴(kuò)散分布,結(jié)合行人在航站樓前車道邊的暴露時(shí)間分布,發(fā)現(xiàn)采取改進(jìn)方案后,盡管人行橫道等待時(shí)間有小幅增加,但由于各污染物的排放得到有效的減少,因此總體的暴露得到了顯著下降,行人CO、NOx、HC污染物的暴露量和行人吸入劑量分別降低了 4.47%,6.64%和 16.37%。
[Abstract]:The rapid growth of air passenger flow has brought unprecedented pressure to the front lanes of many airport terminals, which has brought problems such as traffic congestion, traffic disorder and air pollution around the airport caused by motor vehicle emissions. At the same time, the front lane of the airport terminal as a large number of passengers gathered, vehicle emissions will inevitably pose a direct threat to the health of passengers to and from the airport. The basis of solving the pollution problem of the front lane of airport terminal is to accurately quantify the emissions under various operation schemes and traffic conditions and the impact on pedestrians. In view of this, this paper intends to establish the analysis method of lane pedestrian affected by vehicle emission. Because the calculation of the emission is very sensitive to the traffic characteristics of the vehicle, the paper also establishes the complex traffic operation situation in front of the front lane of the airport terminal. The microscopic traffic simulation model for emission measurement is applied to the model at Capital International Airport. Firstly, the traffic data collection method of the front lane of the airport terminal building is designed, including the basic traffic data which reflects the static characteristics and the traffic data of vehicles and pedestrians that reflect the dynamic characteristics. Finally, the track data of the floating vehicle are obtained by turning with the car, and the parking spacing, stopping time, travel time, pedestrian travel time, baggage taking time and acceptable time interval of the vehicle are collected. Secondly, based on traffic simulation, an analysis method of "emissions measurement-pollutant diffusion-pedestrian exposure" model is designed to analyze the effect of vehicle emissions on pedestrians in driveway. Firstly, the emission measurement model based on the simulation of the front carriageway side of the terminal building is established by using the VSPV variable of the vehicle ratio. Then the distribution of pollutant concentration in the front carriageway of airport terminal is simulated by diffusion model, and the pedestrian exposure model is established by analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of pedestrian exposure to pollutants. Evaluate and analyze the impact of vehicle pollutants on pedestrian health. Thirdly, the microscopic traffic simulation model for the front lane of the terminal building is established, and the phenomenon that the vehicle needs the roadside parking and the frequent intertwining of people and vehicles on the front lane of the terminal building is considered on the basis of the data collection. The distribution of important parameters in the simulation model is calibrated. After parameter calibration, it is found that the precision of the simulation model is obviously improved, and the simulation error of travel time is controlled within 5%. In addition, the output and the measured VSPBin distribution show the same rule. It is shown that the calibrated model can simulate the actual operation of the front lane of the terminal and be used to measure the exhaust emission. Finally, taking the departure floor of Terminal T3 of Capital International Airport as the study area, the improved scheme of 3-minute time-limited parking is evaluated by using the analysis method of lane pedestrian affected by motor vehicle emissions. It is found that compared with the present scheme, the travel time of the improved scheme is significantly reduced by 27.4and the average delay is shortened by 9.8. therefore, the traffic efficiency is improved effectively. In addition, the improved scheme can reduce the hourly emission of pollutants by 50.51% in idle mode and reduce the emission factor of COHNOxHC by 4.51% 6.570.02, respectively. It can be seen that the improved scheme can effectively reduce the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles. Finally, the diffusion model is used to simulate the diffusion distribution of three kinds of pollutants, combined with the exposure time distribution of pedestrians in the front lane of the terminal building, and it is found that after adopting the improved scheme, the waiting time of the crosswalk is slightly increased. However, due to the effective reduction of the discharge of each pollutant, the total exposure to CONOxHC was significantly decreased, and the exposure amount of CONOxHC pollutants and the inhaled dose of pedestrian were decreased by 4.476.64% and 16.3737% respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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