本文選題：公交出行鏈 + 公交出行特征��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平飛速發(fā)展,人均收入情況也節(jié)節(jié)攀升,城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程也不斷加快,人口越來越多的向城鎮(zhèn)集中。這種情況下,城市人口的出行范圍越來越大,出行的方式更加多樣化,導(dǎo)致私家汽車的需求量和持有量迅速膨脹,因此我國現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)城市的人口及機(jī)動車的數(shù)量飛速增長。但是,我國城市道路面積增長速度跟不上人口和機(jī)動車的增長步伐,使得城市的交通問題日益突出,如：交通擁堵、交通事故、尾氣污染等等。其中,交通擁堵問題已成為阻礙城市的“頑疾”。城市交通擁擠問題的根本解決方法就是優(yōu)先發(fā)展城市公共交通同時改進(jìn)城市交通結(jié)構(gòu),優(yōu)先拓展城市的公共交通能力,逐步提高城市道路資源利用率,進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)利用率最大化。本論文通過查閱及分析大量國內(nèi)外有關(guān)于公交出行信息數(shù)據(jù)的收集、挖掘和應(yīng)用,公共交通停靠站與道路通行能力的關(guān)系,公交�？空緝�(yōu)化方法等方面的研究文獻(xiàn)和資料,基于公交IC卡數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造公交出行鏈,以公交出行鏈為研究對象,進(jìn)行公交出行時空特性分析,提出城市公交系統(tǒng)�？空静荚O(shè)優(yōu)化的方法。公交最優(yōu)�？空鹃g距的數(shù)學(xué)模型,再提出站間距修正模型對其進(jìn)行修正,并在分析各影響因素相互關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,采用懲罰函數(shù)方法求解最優(yōu)站間距模型。建立了道路通行能力的評估模型,分析了公交�？空緦Φ缆吠ㄐ心芰Φ挠绊�,結(jié)合遼源市公交系統(tǒng)設(shè)計了仿真測試方案,以公交線路、�？空疚恢眉暗缆非闆r的基本信息為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計了仿真參數(shù),進(jìn)而進(jìn)行了公交�？空緦Φ缆吠ㄐ心芰Φ挠绊懛抡�。最后,對仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。主要的研究工作如下：第一,采用基于城市公交IC卡系統(tǒng)的出行數(shù)據(jù)采集方法,提取居民公交出行特征,并對一票制公交IC卡出行過程進(jìn)行了分析。介紹了國內(nèi)外IC卡的發(fā)展應(yīng)用以及公交IC卡收費(fèi)系統(tǒng),給出了基于IC卡的公交出行數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查方法,剖析了基于IC卡數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。對IC卡數(shù)據(jù)平臺下的基本出行概念、公交出行數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查分析、各項出行特征的提取、一票制公交IC卡出行過程進(jìn)行了深入探討,并在此基礎(chǔ)上給出單一票制下車停靠站及換乘的識別方法。為公交出行鏈構(gòu)造及公交出行時空分布特征進(jìn)行分析奠定基礎(chǔ)。第二,基于城市居民出行鏈構(gòu)造的分析和研究,對城市路網(wǎng)居民公交出行的時空分布特性進(jìn)行具體分析。以城市居民公交出行行為為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合基于IC卡系統(tǒng)信息的城市居民出行特征的分析和研究,構(gòu)造公交出行鏈。針對公交出行鏈信息對居民公交出行的時空分布特征進(jìn)行具體分析,進(jìn)而為公交設(shè)施選址優(yōu)化以及公交線路調(diào)度管理提供必要的數(shù)據(jù)支持和技術(shù)保障。對公交出行時空分布特性的分析主要包括對城市居民公交出行的時間特征以及空間特征研究兩個部分,分別針對每一部分所涉及的相關(guān)參數(shù)計算模型進(jìn)行構(gòu)建,并進(jìn)一步為公交停靠站的優(yōu)化設(shè)置提供可靠的數(shù)據(jù)支持。第三,建立城市公共交通�？空静季衷O(shè)計的優(yōu)化模型來優(yōu)化公交�？空镜牟贾脝栴}。首先創(chuàng)建公交最優(yōu)�？空鹃g距的數(shù)學(xué)模型,其目的是在假設(shè)的前提條件下使公交乘客的出行總時間達(dá)到最短,應(yīng)用序列無約束極小化技術(shù)求解最優(yōu)站間距；然后根據(jù)線路的實(shí)際情況,考慮車輛行駛和乘客出行的相關(guān)因素對站間距大小的影響,建立站間距修正模型,解出修正值并對最優(yōu)站間距進(jìn)行修正,得到符合實(shí)際的站間距值。并以遼源市33路公交�？空緸閷�(shí)例進(jìn)行了模型驗證。第四,結(jié)合遼源市道路系統(tǒng)和公交系統(tǒng)實(shí)例,應(yīng)用本文建立的公交停靠站布設(shè)模型對33路公交線路的�？空具M(jìn)行布設(shè),確定了各�？空镜木唧w位置,從而得出各�？空鹃g的距離、各個�？空舅幍牡缆翻h(huán)境等基本參數(shù)構(gòu)建仿真環(huán)境。結(jié)合公交�？空緦Φ缆吠ㄐ心芰τ绊懙脑u估模型,進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗,并對仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。本論文的研究方法可降低出行數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查和公交規(guī)劃過程中數(shù)據(jù)收集的難度,可豐富城市公共交通規(guī)劃理論體系,提高城市公交系統(tǒng)的服務(wù)水平,促進(jìn)城市公共交通與其他交通方式的和諧發(fā)展,具有較高的理論價值和實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:In twenty-first Century, the economic level of our country has developed rapidly, the per capita income is also rising, the process of urbanization is speeding up, the population is more and more concentrated in the cities and towns. In this case, the travel scope of urban population is increasing, the way of travel is more diversified, and the demand and holding of private cars are expanding rapidly. The population and the number of motor vehicles in most cities of our country are increasing rapidly. However, the growth rate of Urban Road area can not keep up with the pace of population and motor vehicle growth, which makes the urban traffic problems become increasingly prominent, such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, exhaust pollution and so on. Among them, traffic congestion has become a hindrance to the city. The fundamental solution to the problem of urban traffic congestion is to give priority to the development of urban public traffic and to improve the urban traffic structure at the same time, to give priority to the public transportation capacity of the city, to gradually improve the utilization rate of urban road resources and to maximize the utilization rate. The collection, mining and application of information data, the relationship between the public traffic stop and road traffic capacity, the optimization method of the bus stop station, and other aspects of the research literature and data, based on the bus IC card data to construct the bus travel chain, take the bus travel chain as the research object, analyze the space-time characteristics of public transit trip, and put forward the city bus system stop. The optimization method of station is set up. The mathematical model of the distance between the best stop station is set up, and then the station spacing correction model is put forward to correct it. On the basis of the analysis of the relationship between the influence factors, the penalty function method is used to solve the optimal station spacing model. The evaluation model of the road traffic energy is established, and the bus stop station is analyzed. The influence of road traffic capacity, the simulation test scheme is designed based on the bus system in Liaoyuan, the simulation parameters are designed based on the basic information of the bus line, the location of the stop station and the road conditions. Then the influence of the bus stop station on the road capacity is simulated. Finally, the simulation results are analyzed. The main research work is done. The following are as follows: first, the travel data acquisition method based on urban bus IC card system is adopted to extract the characteristics of public transport travel, and the trip process of IC card is analyzed. The development and application of IC card at home and abroad as well as the bus IC card charging system are introduced, and the method of bus travel data investigation based on IC card is given, and the basis is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the IC card data investigation method. The basic travel concept under IC card data platform, the survey analysis of bus travel data, the extraction of various travel characteristics and the trip process of one ticket public bus IC card are deeply discussed. On this basis, the identification method of the bus stop and transfer for the single ticket system is given. The construction of the bus travel chain is constructed. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of bus travel are analyzed. Second, based on the analysis and research of urban residents' travel chain structure, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of urban road network residents are analyzed. Based on the urban residents' bus travel behavior, the analysis of urban residents' travel characteristics based on the information of IC card system is analyzed. In this paper, the bus travel chain is constructed. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of public transport travel are analyzed in detail, and the necessary data support and technical support are provided for the optimization of public transport facilities and the management of bus route scheduling. The analysis of the distribution of bus travel time and space mainly includes the urban residents Two parts of the time characteristics and spatial characteristics of the travel travel, respectively, for each part of the related parameters calculation model are constructed, and the reliable data support is provided for the optimization of the bus stop. Third, the optimization model of the layout design of the urban public traffic stop station is established to optimize the bus stop station. First, the mathematical model of the distance between the bus optimal stop stations is created. The purpose is to make the travel time of the bus passengers reach the shortest total time under the assumption condition, and to solve the optimal station spacing with the unconstrained minimization technique of the application sequence. Then, according to the actual situation of the line, the related factors of the vehicle travel and the passenger travel are considered. The station spacing correction model is established, the correction value is solved and the optimal station spacing is corrected to get the actual station spacing value. The model verification is carried out with the example of Liaoyuan 33 road bus stop station. Fourth, combined with the example of the road system and the public intersection system in Liaoyuan, the bus stop station established in this paper is applied. The layout model sets up the stop station of 33 road bus lines, determines the specific location of each stop station, thus draws the simulation environment of the distance between each stop, the road environment and other basic parameters of each stop station, and combines the evaluation model of the road capacity impact on the bus stop station, and carries out the simulation experiment and the simulation junction. The research method of this paper can reduce the difficulty of data collection in the process of travel data investigation and bus planning. It can enrich the theory system of urban public transportation planning, improve the service level of urban public transport system, promote the harmonious development of urban public transportation and other modes of transportation, and have high theoretical value and practice. Significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.17
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本文編號：1780208