本文選題：橋梁結(jié)構(gòu) + 振動控制�。� 參考：《湖南大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著輕質(zhì)高強材料的大量應用及設(shè)計方法的進步,橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)向大跨、輕柔及低阻尼方向發(fā)展,加劇了結(jié)構(gòu)在風、地震及行人等動力荷載作用下響應。過大的結(jié)構(gòu)振動影響舒適性,造成結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞,嚴重時威脅結(jié)構(gòu)安全。開發(fā)和應用阻尼器抑制結(jié)構(gòu)的振動一直是橋梁抗風抗震等領(lǐng)域的前沿研究課題。調(diào)諧液體阻尼器(Tuned Liquid Dampers,簡稱TLD)由于具有造價低、易于安裝、多方向控制、在小振幅下啟動等優(yōu)點,已在很多高層建筑上應用。剛性水箱中液體晃動具有很強的非線性特性,與激勵幅值、激勵頻率等參數(shù)有關(guān),造成TLD的力學模型相當復雜。本文主要研究純水及格柵TLD的動力學特性及應用TLD進行人行橋的側(cè)向減振問題。論文主要內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面:(1)本文首先回顧了用于模擬純水TLD的等效non-linear stiffness and damping(簡稱NSD)模型及模型參數(shù)(非線性剛度和非線性阻尼)的影響因素�；诘刃SD模型建立結(jié)構(gòu)—TLD的運動方程,導出兩自由度系統(tǒng)在簡諧激勵下主結(jié)構(gòu)的位移動力放大因子,得到動力放大因子最大值最小化的TLD的參數(shù)優(yōu)化,并進行了參數(shù)分析。最后以一倒立式框架為例,設(shè)計制作了TLD水箱,進行了控制結(jié)構(gòu)一階側(cè)向振動響應的TLD—結(jié)構(gòu)振動臺試驗,測定結(jié)構(gòu)在不同激振頻率作用下的穩(wěn)態(tài)位移響應,并與數(shù)值優(yōu)化的結(jié)果進行對比,驗證了參數(shù)優(yōu)化的有效性。(2)為解決純水TLD中阻尼過低引起的液面晃動強非線性問題,研究了格柵TLD的振動特性。采用振動臺試驗及無接觸視頻位移測試系統(tǒng)測定了不同激振幅值、格柵個數(shù)、格柵放置位置、格柵阻塞比等參數(shù)下水箱側(cè)壁無量綱波高隨激振頻率的變化,結(jié)果表明增設(shè)格柵后TLD的非線性特性顯著降低,基本避免了純水TLD中存在的“跳頻”、“頻率偏移”等非線性特征�；诓▌永碚撏茖Я嗽黾痈駯诺腡LD的等效線性調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器(tuned mass dampers簡稱TMD)模型,得到了模擬TLD的等效質(zhì)量、等效剛度及依激勵幅值而變化的等效阻尼比。最后對格柵TLD—主結(jié)構(gòu)的響應進行參數(shù)優(yōu)化得到格柵TLD的最優(yōu)參數(shù)數(shù)值解。(3)建立某景區(qū)人行懸索橋有限元模型,分析得到結(jié)構(gòu)的各階振型、模態(tài)頻率和模態(tài)質(zhì)量等動力特性參數(shù),并基于等效簡諧力荷載及隨機步行力荷載兩種模型分析了人行橋的側(cè)向動力響應。以控制該橋橫向振動為目標,進行TLD的參數(shù)優(yōu)化以及TLD在人行橋上的分布位置,最后通過分析得到人行橋在兩類荷載模型作用下在安裝TLD前后的側(cè)向加速度響應,得出TLD控制人行橋振動的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the extensive application of lightweight and high-strength materials and the development of design methods, the bridge structure develops towards the direction of long span, soft and low damping, which intensifies the response of the structure to the dynamic loads such as wind, earthquake and pedestrian.Excessive structural vibration affects comfort and fatigue of structure, and threatens the safety of structure seriously.The development and application of dampers to suppress the vibration of structures has always been a frontier research topic in the field of bridge wind resistance and earthquake resistance.Tuned Liquid dampers (TLDs) have been applied in many high-rise buildings due to their advantages of low cost, easy installation, multi-direction control and small amplitude start-up.The liquid sloshing in the rigid tank has strong nonlinear characteristics, which is related to the excitation amplitude and the excitation frequency. The mechanical model of TLD is quite complex.In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of pure water and grid TLD and the lateral vibration reduction of footbridge with TLD are studied.The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) this paper first reviews the equivalent non-linear stiffness and damping model used to simulate pure water TLD and the influence factors of model parameters (nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear damping).Based on the equivalent NSD model, the motion equation of the structure is established, and the displacement dynamic amplification factor of the main structure under harmonic excitation is derived, and the parameter optimization of the TLD with the minimization of the maximum dynamic amplification factor is obtained, and the parameter analysis is carried out.Finally, taking an inverted frame as an example, the TLD water tank is designed and manufactured, and the TLD-structure vibration table test is carried out to control the first order lateral vibration response of the structure. The steady-state displacement response of the structure under different excitation frequencies is measured.In order to solve the strongly nonlinear problem of liquid level sloshing caused by too low damping in pure water TLD, the vibration characteristics of grid TLD are studied.The vibration table test and contactless video displacement measurement system were used to measure the variation of the dimensionless wave height of the side wall of the water tank with the exciting frequency under the parameters of different exciting amplitude, the number of grid, the location of grid, the ratio of grid blocking and so on.The results show that the nonlinear characteristics of TLD are significantly reduced with the addition of grille, and the nonlinear characteristics such as "frequency hopping" and "frequency offset" in pure water TLD are basically avoided.Based on the wave theory, the equivalent linear tuned mass dampers (tuned mass dampers) model of TLD with additional grille is derived, and the equivalent mass, equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping ratio of simulated TLD are obtained.Finally, a finite element model of the pedestrian suspension bridge in a scenic spot is established by optimizing the parameters of the grille TLD- main structure and getting the numerical solution of the optimal parameters of the grid TLD.Dynamic parameters such as modal frequency and modal mass are used to analyze the lateral dynamic response of footbridge based on equivalent harmonic load and random walking force.In order to control the lateral vibration of the bridge, the parameter optimization of TLD and the distribution of TLD on the footbridge are carried out. Finally, the lateral acceleration response of the footbridge under the action of two kinds of load models before and after the installation of TLD is obtained.The effectiveness of TLD in controlling the vibration of footbridge is obtained.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U441.3

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