本文選題：旋切輥 + 破冰機　； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國東北和西北地區(qū),每年都會有長達5~7個月的降雪期,路面積雪如果不能夠及時進行清除,在人踩車軋和外界環(huán)境溫度的變化下,將會變成堅硬的壓實冰雪,大大降低路面的摩擦力,給行人日常出行和道路交通運輸帶來巨大安全隱患。目前,國內(nèi)針對壓實冰雪清除機械大部分都未安裝自動越障的避障機構(gòu),很難適應我國復雜多變的道路情況。因此,加強對于具有自動避障功能的道路除冰裝置的研究,探索并開發(fā)新的壓實冰雪清除方案具有十分重要的意義。本文基于壓實冰雪力學特性的試驗研究,綜合國內(nèi)外除冰雪機械的特點,對旋切輥式除冰雪機理進行了理論探討和仿真驗證。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:針對自然狀態(tài)下形成的道路壓實冰雪進行試驗研究,探究了抗切強度的大小及其影響因素,并且對影響清除效果的粘附強度和抗壓強度進行分析整理,為旋切輥式除冰裝置的設計提供了力學基礎。對旋切輥的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進行了設計,基于旋切輥式除冰機理,對旋切輥轉(zhuǎn)速和破冰機前進速度進行了匹配計算;對破冰刀齒切削壓實冰雪過程進行深入研究,分析了壓實冰雪碎裂式破壞和整體塊狀式斷裂的破壞形式,計算得到旋切輥在工作過程中的最大切削力和最大抵抗力矩。根據(jù)所設計避障系統(tǒng),對旋切輥的避障過程進行了分析,重點計算了該除冰裝置液壓系統(tǒng)的液壓馬達和液壓缸的相關(guān)參數(shù);利用AMESim仿真平臺對該裝置液壓系統(tǒng)進行仿真,分析了避障工況下液壓缸和切削工況下液壓馬達的壓力和流量特性。利用非線性分析程序LS-DYNA對旋切輥單刀切削過程進行了數(shù)值模擬,得到了破冰刀齒不同時刻的應力和應變云圖,以及壓實冰雪內(nèi)部應力分布情況;并且根據(jù)得到的切削過程破冰刀齒的應力變化曲線,驗證了壓實冰雪的碎裂式破壞和整體塊狀式斷裂的破壞形態(tài);通過改變切削仿真過程中各項參數(shù),探究破冰刀齒應力極值和壓實冰雪內(nèi)部應力值與旋切輥轉(zhuǎn)速和除冰裝置前進速度之間的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In the northeast and northwest regions of China, there is a snowfall period of 5 to 7 months each year. If the snow on the road surface cannot be cleared in time, it will become a hard, compacted ice and snow under the changes of human trampling and ambient temperature.Greatly reduces the road friction, brings the huge safety hidden danger to the pedestrian daily trip and the road transportation.At present, most of the clearing machines for compacted ice and snow are not equipped with automatic obstacle avoidance mechanism, so it is difficult to adapt to the complicated and changeable road conditions in our country.Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of road deicing device with automatic obstacle avoidance function and to explore and develop a new compacted snow and ice removal scheme.Based on the experimental study of the mechanical properties of compacted ice and snow and the characteristics of the snow and ice removal machinery at home and abroad, the theoretical discussion and simulation of the mechanism of rotary roller removing ice and snow have been carried out in this paper.The main research contents of this paper are as follows: according to the road compaction ice and snow formed under the natural state, the experimental study is carried out, and the magnitude of shear strength and its influencing factors are explored.The adhesion strength and compressive strength which affect the removal effect are analyzed and finished, which provides a mechanical basis for the design of the rotary roller deicing device.The structural parameters of the rotary cutting roller are designed. Based on the deicing mechanism of the rotary cutting roller, the rotation speed of the rotary cutting roll and the advancing speed of the ice breaker are calculated, and the ice and snow compaction process of the ice breaking cutter teeth is deeply studied.The failure modes of compacted ice and snow fragmentation failure and integral block fracture are analyzed, and the maximum cutting force and the maximum resistance moment of the rotary cutting roll are calculated.According to the designed obstacle avoidance system, the obstacle avoidance process of the rotary cutting roller is analyzed, and the parameters of hydraulic motor and cylinder of the hydraulic system of the deicing device are calculated emphatically, and the hydraulic system of the device is simulated by using the AMESim simulation platform.The pressure and flow characteristics of hydraulic cylinder under obstacle avoidance condition and hydraulic motor under cutting condition are analyzed.By using the nonlinear analysis program LS-DYNA, the cutting process of rotary cutting roller is numerically simulated, and the stress and strain cloud diagram at different times and the stress distribution in the compaction ice and snow are obtained.According to the stress change curve of the ice breaking cutter teeth obtained in the cutting process, the fragmentation failure of compacted ice and snow and the failure form of integral block fracture are verified, and the parameters in the cutting simulation process are changed.The relationship between the stress extremum of the ice breaker teeth and the internal stress value of the compacted ice and snow with the rotation speed of the rotary cutting roll and the speed of the deicing device is investigated.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U418.326

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