本文選題：瀝青路面 + 多尺度　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：瀝青混合料材料組成的復(fù)雜形貌及空間隨機(jī)分布導(dǎo)致其多尺度特性不可忽視。瀝青混合料的宏觀力學(xué)行為及損傷演變規(guī)律與其微、細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)特性有著內(nèi)在的關(guān)聯(lián)性。為了解決具體工程的應(yīng)用問題,宏觀尺度上瀝青混合料的統(tǒng)計平均性質(zhì)是瀝青路面材料優(yōu)選的主要指導(dǎo)方針。基于層狀彈性理論的瀝青路面結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方法滿足連續(xù)介質(zhì)力學(xué)理論所提出的材料均勻化假設(shè)。單一尺度下小尺寸構(gòu)件力學(xué)性能評價及基于連續(xù)介質(zhì)框架的理論計算分析無法從多尺度本質(zhì)上解釋瀝青路面材料與結(jié)構(gòu)的力學(xué)行為及損傷機(jī)制。因此,開展瀝青路面材料多尺度域力學(xué)行為及各尺度間相互作用的研究,有助于深入理解、分析及預(yù)估瀝青混合料的力學(xué)性能。進(jìn)而,從多尺度角度出發(fā)為瀝青路面材料優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供理論支撐及數(shù)據(jù)支持,為揭示瀝青路面材料的損傷機(jī)理奠定基礎(chǔ)。為探究集料-瀝青界面微觀交互作用的影響規(guī)律,借助掃描電鏡與原子力顯微鏡,分析了集料表面及集料-瀝青界面區(qū)的微觀形貌差異;在集料礦物成分已探測的前提下,對比了瀝青在石灰?guī)r及玄武巖表面的高溫潤濕狀況,基于原子力顯微鏡分析了常溫條件下集料-瀝青界面區(qū)的力曲線評價指標(biāo)分布規(guī)律;基于自行開發(fā)的集料平行板,完成了集料粘附條件下的瀝青動態(tài)剪切流變試驗(yàn)及直接拉伸試驗(yàn)分析。結(jié)果表明:集料表面微觀形貌差異決定了瀝青的微觀裹附效果;集料-瀝青-集料夾層的剪切與拉伸特性受集料類型的影響顯著,其流變特性及抗拉伸破壞能力對石灰?guī)r與玄武巖表現(xiàn)出明顯的選擇性;集料-瀝青界面區(qū)交互作用具有溫度/頻率、夾層厚度及加載模式依賴性,且存在一個界面區(qū)臨界厚度;從界面微觀交互作用角度出發(fā),集料平行板改進(jìn)試驗(yàn)裝置及測試方法適用于路用集料類型優(yōu)選。界面區(qū)研究成果用于多尺度統(tǒng)一模型中界面區(qū)黏彈參數(shù)的求取。為定量評價瀝青砂漿黏彈與低溫特性,開發(fā)了小尺寸瀝青砂漿無損成型裝置,提出了其動態(tài)剪切流變參數(shù)測試方法;開展了瀝青砂漿頻率掃描、應(yīng)力松弛、應(yīng)力疲勞及靜態(tài)蠕變試驗(yàn)分析,驗(yàn)證了該試驗(yàn)裝置測試結(jié)果的復(fù)現(xiàn)性;完成了低溫條件下瀝青砂漿彎曲梁流變試驗(yàn)分析,分析了凍融循環(huán)及自然環(huán)境老化對瀝青砂漿低溫彎曲蠕變特性的影響。結(jié)果表明:瀝青砂漿的體積指標(biāo)與其材料組成關(guān)系密切,當(dāng)瀝青砂漿的有效瀝青含量低于臨界值時,其空隙率的增幅十分明顯;瀝青砂漿剪切特性與其級配、瀝青含量及空隙率的聯(lián)系緊密;最佳瀝青含量及最優(yōu)擊實(shí)功是瀝青砂漿低溫彎曲蠕變性能的保障;空隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征是瀝青砂漿與瀝青混合料凍融損傷機(jī)理差異的主導(dǎo)因素,高瀝青含量瀝青砂漿體現(xiàn)出凍融損傷及物理硬化雙向競爭機(jī)制;合理的壓實(shí)功可降低瀝青砂漿因自然環(huán)境老化導(dǎo)致的低溫開裂風(fēng)險,早期老化主要體現(xiàn)在瀝青砂漿中;所提出的瀝青砂漿動態(tài)剪切流變試驗(yàn)與彎曲梁流變試驗(yàn)滿足測試精度及性能評估的要求。瀝青砂漿研究成果用于多尺度統(tǒng)一模型中瀝青砂漿黏彈及損傷參數(shù)的求取。為系統(tǒng)描述瀝青混合料細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)分布規(guī)律,采用分形維數(shù)、形狀指標(biāo)、棱角性指標(biāo)及傅里葉級數(shù)分析了細(xì)觀尺度下粗集料輪廓的起伏程度;確定了瀝青砂漿及瀝青混合料間的臨界空隙尺寸,實(shí)現(xiàn)了空隙輪廓分形維數(shù)的計算及其細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)的表征;以骨架間隙率、質(zhì)心三維分布、骨架三維分布為指標(biāo),評價了瀝青混合料的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)分布特性;提出了影響瀝青混合料高、低溫路用性能的細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:粗集料長軸、中軸及短軸端部輪廓的起伏程度最高,細(xì)觀尺度下粗集料表面形貌變化復(fù)雜;臨界空隙尺寸之上的空隙視為初始缺陷引入到瀝青混合料的材料組成中;瀝青混合料空隙分布體現(xiàn)出一定程度上的橫觀各向同性規(guī)律;驗(yàn)證了骨架結(jié)構(gòu)評價指標(biāo)間的相互佐證關(guān)系,SMA類瀝青混合料骨架結(jié)構(gòu)分布最為緊密;骨架結(jié)構(gòu)是影響高溫穩(wěn)定性的特征參數(shù),空隙結(jié)構(gòu)是影響低溫抗裂性的特征參數(shù),空隙分布是影響低溫拉伸應(yīng)變場分布的特征參數(shù)。細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)研究成果用于多尺度統(tǒng)一模型中細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的描述。為創(chuàng)建瀝青路面材料虛擬化試驗(yàn)設(shè)計平臺,考慮界面區(qū)、初始空隙缺陷及材料損傷的影響,完成了瀝青混合料細(xì)觀單元等效模型的材料參數(shù)等效;開展了引入微觀應(yīng)變梯度及實(shí)測材料參數(shù)的細(xì)觀單元等效模型力學(xué)行為分析;在Perzyna黏彈塑性本構(gòu)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了考慮各向異性的多尺度統(tǒng)一模型力學(xué)行為分析。結(jié)果表明:在不影響計算精度的前提下,微觀應(yīng)變梯度的引入提高了計算效率;微觀應(yīng)變梯度的引入及實(shí)測材料參數(shù)的輸入是細(xì)觀單元等效模型通過驗(yàn)證的關(guān)鍵因素;多尺度統(tǒng)一模型與細(xì)觀單元等效模型間力學(xué)行為存在著顯著的正相關(guān)性;SMA類瀝青混合料的計算力學(xué)行為表現(xiàn)最佳,與其組成材料性能及細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)分布規(guī)律關(guān)系密切;由微觀應(yīng)變梯度、細(xì)觀單元等效模型及多尺度統(tǒng)一模型間的相互傳遞關(guān)系,初步探究了瀝青路面材料的尺度跨越機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Asphalt mixture material with complex morphology and spatial random distribution of the multi-scale characteristic can not be ignored. The macro mechanical behavior of asphalt mixture and the damage evolution and its micro, meso structure characteristics have an inherent relevance. In order to solve the application problems of specific engineering, macro scale statistical average properties of asphalt mixture is the main guideline of asphalt pavement material selection. The design method of asphalt pavement structure layered elastic theory of homogenization is assumed to satisfy the proposed continuum mechanics theory based on the material. The small size component force single scale performance evaluation and analysis to explain the mechanical behavior and damage mechanism of asphalt pavement materials and structures from the multi-scale nature of calculation based on the theory of continuum framework. Therefore, study on the interaction of asphalt pavement materials and the mechanical behavior of multi scale domain among various scales That is helpful for understanding, analysis and prediction of mechanical properties of asphalt mixture. Then, from the perspective of multi scale to provide theoretical support and data support for asphalt pavement material design and optimization, lay the foundation for the damage mechanism of asphalt pavement materials. To explore the influence of micro - asphalt material set interface interaction, with the help of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, analysis of the aggregate surface and microstructure of asphalt material in different interfacial zone; in the premise of aggregate mineral composition has been detected, compared to the high temperature asphalt in limestone and basalt run surface wet conditions, the atomic force microscope is analyzed based on material interface in normal temperature asphalt the stress distribution curve evaluation index; self-developed aggregate parallel plate based on the analysis of asphalt tensile dynamic shear test and direct test of material adhesion conditions. The results show that Set: the morphology of material surface difference determines of micro effect wrapped asphalt aggregate type; affected by shear and tensile properties of material of asphalt aggregate sandwich set significantly, its rheological properties and anti tensile ability of limestone and Xuan Wuyan showed obvious selectivity; aggregate asphalt interfacial interaction with temperature / frequency, interlayer thickness and loading mode dependency, and there exists a critical thickness of interfacial zone; starting from the micro perspective of the interaction between the interface, aggregate improved parallel plate test device and test method for pavement aggregate type selection. Interface research results obtained for the interface of multi-scale unified model in clay elastic parameters. For quantitative evaluation of asphalt mortar viscoelastic and low temperature characteristics, the development of small size asphalt mortar nondestructive forming device, the dynamic shear rheological parameter test method of asphalt mortar; carry out frequency sweep Description, stress relaxation, stress analysis and fatigue and static creep test, to verify the reproducibility of test results of the experimental device; analysis of beam bending creep test under the condition of low temperature asphalt mortar was completed, analysis of freeze-thaw cycle and natural aging effect on the bending creep properties of asphalt mortar at low temperature. The results show that the volume index of asphalt the mortar material composition closely, when the effective asphalt content of asphalt mortar is lower than the critical value, the porosity increase is very obvious; the shear properties of asphalt mortar and gradation, asphalt content and porosity of the closely related; optimum asphalt content and optimal compaction is bending creep performance of asphalt mortar security clearance; the structure is characterized in asphalt mortar and asphalt mixture freezing thawing damage mechanism of different dominant factors, high asphalt content of asphalt mortar reflects the freeze-thaw damage and hardening of two-way physical competition The mechanism of compaction; reasonable can reduce the asphalt mortar due to low temperature cracking risk of natural environment caused by aging, early aging is mainly reflected in the asphalt mortar and asphalt mortar; dynamic shear rheological test and bending beam rheometer test proposed meet the test precision and performance evaluation of asphalt mortar. Research results obtained for multi-scale unified asphalt in the model of mortar viscoelastic and damage parameters. For system description of asphalt mixture microstructure parameters distribution, the fractal dimension, shape index, angularity index and Fu Liye series analysis of meso scale fluctuation degree of coarse aggregate profile; determine the critical void size of asphalt mortar and asphalt mixture between. The calculation of void fractal dimension and its meso structure characterization; the skeleton clearance rate, three-dimensional distribution centroid, three-dimensional distribution framework as the index, the evaluation of asphalt concrete The distribution characteristics of material and structure; the influence of asphalt mixture, the meso structure parameters for low temperature performance road. The results show that the coarse aggregate long axis and short axis end profile of the ups and downs of the highest level of the meso scale coarse aggregate surface morphology is complex; the critical void void size. As the initial defects are introduced to the asphalt mixture composition; asphalt mixture void distribution reflects the transversely isotropic law to a certain extent; to verify the relationship and mutual support of skeleton structure indicators, SMA skeleton structure of asphalt mixture distribution most closely; skeleton structure is characteristic parameters that influence the stability at high temperature the space structure is the characteristic parameters of low temperature crack resistance, void distribution is the characteristic parameters of low temperature tensile strain field distribution. The meso structure research for multi-scale unified model in fine The concept of structure parameters. In order to create a virtual experimental design of asphalt pavement material platform, considering the interfacial area, effect of initial void defects and material damage, the material parameters of meso element equivalent model of equivalent asphalt mixture; carry out the introduction of micro strain gradient and the measured material parameters of meso element equivalent model of mechanical behavior analysis based on Perzyna; visco elastoplastic constitutive model, analyzed the anisotropic multi-scale unified model considering mechanical behavior. The results show that the computational accuracy is not under the influence of the micro strain gradient is introduced to improve the computational efficiency; micro strain gradient is introduced and the measured material parameters of the input is fine the concept of equivalent unit model through key factor verification; multi-scale unified model and micromechanical behavior of unit equivalent model exist significant positive correlation; SMA asphalt mixture The best performance calculation of the mechanical behavior of materials, with the composition of the material properties and the relationship between the distribution of meso structure closely; from the micro strain gradient, micro mutual transfer between unit equivalent model and multi-scale unified model between the initial exploration of the asphalt pavement material scale across the system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U414
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本文編號：1748438