本文選題：出行成本　切入點(diǎn)：出行方式鏈　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,交通擁堵問題日趨常態(tài)化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,而緩解擁堵的一個(gè)重要手段是合理優(yōu)化交通出行結(jié)構(gòu)。由于出行成本是出行決策的決定性因素之一,直接影響出行方式選擇行為,因此進(jìn)行有效的出行成本分析能夠影響并改變交通出行結(jié)構(gòu)。目前,眾多學(xué)者在對(duì)出行成本的研究上已取得一定的成果,但隨著出行方式的多樣化及出行距離的增加,一次出行不再僅有一種出行方式,還存在出行方式鏈。然而對(duì)于出行方式鏈成本的研究相對(duì)有限,尚不能為制定科學(xué)合理的交通決策提供支持。鑒于此,本文從單一出行方式的成本研究出發(fā),采用SP與RP調(diào)查相結(jié)合的問卷方法標(biāo)定相關(guān)參數(shù),在此基礎(chǔ)上建立出行方式鏈成本測(cè)算模型。具體內(nèi)容如下： (1)為建立單一出行方式成本測(cè)算模型,分析單一出行方式的成本構(gòu)成。并采用SP和RP調(diào)查相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行調(diào)查問卷,標(biāo)定出行時(shí)間價(jià)值、時(shí)間可靠性價(jià)值和車內(nèi)擁擠時(shí)間價(jià)值。在此基礎(chǔ)上,從出行費(fèi)用和時(shí)間成本兩方面入手建立成本測(cè)算模型,從而確定單一出行方式的出行成本。 (2)探究出行方式鏈的概念及內(nèi)涵,得到出行方式鏈的成本構(gòu)成。重點(diǎn)研究出行方式間的換乘成本,換乘自身的“負(fù)效用”成本是利用雙邊界模型測(cè)算得到,而利用出行方式的到達(dá)時(shí)間分布建立換乘等待時(shí)間函數(shù)得到換乘可靠性成本。結(jié)合單一出行方式成本測(cè)算模型和換乘成本分析,建立出行方式鏈成本測(cè)算模型。 (3)以杭州市為實(shí)際案例城市,簡(jiǎn)述城市居民出行現(xiàn)狀。量化單一出行方式的出行成本和出行方式鏈的出行成本。結(jié)果表明,小汽車的出行成本最高,但若不考慮車輛購(gòu)置成本及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用等,其出行成本與公共汽車相當(dāng)；若只考慮主要的出行方式而非出行方式鏈,則出行成本結(jié)果偏低,導(dǎo)致交通政策的制定存在偏差,無(wú)法最大化地實(shí)現(xiàn)政策效用。進(jìn)而提出杭州市居民出行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化建議。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban society and economy, traffic congestion is becoming more and more regular and networked. One of the most important ways to alleviate congestion is to optimize the traffic structure reasonably.As travel cost is one of the decisive factors in travel decision-making, it directly affects the behavior of travel mode selection, so effective travel cost analysis can influence and change the structure of traffic travel.At present, many scholars have made some achievements in the study of travel cost. However, with the diversification of travel modes and the increase of travel distance, there is no longer only one trip mode at a trip, but also a trip mode chain.However, the research on the cost of travel mode chain is relatively limited, which can not provide support for making scientific and reasonable traffic decision.In view of this, this paper starts from the cost research of single trip mode, uses the questionnaire method of SP and RP to calibrate the relevant parameters, and then establishes the cost calculation model of trip mode chain.The details are as follows:In order to establish the cost calculation model of single trip mode, the cost composition of single trip mode is analyzed.The method of SP and RP is used to carry out the questionnaire to calibrate the value of travel time, time reliability and crowded time.On this basis, the cost calculation model is established from the two aspects of travel cost and time cost, so as to determine the travel cost of a single trip mode.2) explore the concept and connotation of trip mode chain, and get the cost structure of trip mode chain.This paper focuses on the transfer cost between trip modes. The "negative utility" cost of the transfer itself is calculated by using the two-boundary model, and the reliability cost of the transfer is obtained by establishing the transfer waiting time function by using the arrival time distribution of the trip mode.Combined with the cost calculation model of single trip mode and the analysis of transfer cost, the cost calculation model of trip mode chain is established.Taking Hangzhou as the actual case city, the current situation of urban residents' travel is briefly described.It quantifies the travel cost of single trip mode and the trip cost of trip mode chain.The results show that the travel cost of the car is the highest, but if the cost of vehicle purchase and insurance is not considered, the travel cost is equivalent to that of the bus, and if only the main mode of travel rather than the mode chain is considered, the result of travel cost is low.As a result, there is a deviation in the formulation of traffic policy, which can not maximize the effectiveness of the policy.And then put forward the Hangzhou residents travel structure optimization suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.12

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