本文選題：交通安全　切入點：停車視距　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：公路景觀是公路交通系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,公路景觀設(shè)計不僅涉及到美學(xué),還能影響到交通安全。過去有研究表明,公路景觀對駕駛員特性會產(chǎn)生一定的影響。因此,開展公路景觀對駕駛特性的影響研究,可為公路行車安全評價和景觀設(shè)計提供借鑒和參考。反應(yīng)時間是駕駛員的重要特性之一,也是計算停車視距的一個重要參數(shù)。景觀會影響駕駛員的心理和生理特性,必然會影響駕駛員的反應(yīng)時間,進(jìn)而影響到停車視距。因此,通過研究駕駛員的制動反應(yīng)時間可以完善不同公路景觀下的停車視距模型。本課題采用KMRTDS駕駛模擬系統(tǒng)平臺和眼動儀,針對公路景觀對駕駛員行為特性的影響,在景觀分類基礎(chǔ)上,對不同類型景觀下駕駛員的制動反應(yīng)時間進(jìn)行了模擬實驗研究,并根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果確定了不同公路景觀的停車視距模型。首先,基于道路交通系統(tǒng)的人、車、路和環(huán)境等分析停車視距的影響因素,重點分析了駕駛員在不同交通環(huán)境下的制動反應(yīng)時間對停車視距的影響。結(jié)合車輛的制動過程,在現(xiàn)有停車視距模型分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于公路景觀的停車視距模型修正。利用實驗室開發(fā)的一套車載式公路景觀采集系統(tǒng),實時采集公路景觀信息。從駕駛員制動反應(yīng)時間出發(fā),結(jié)合組成公路景觀的要素、道路線形和景觀空間形態(tài),將所采集的公路景觀進(jìn)行了八種分類。其次,根據(jù)采集的公路景觀信息,利用VSDesign情境設(shè)計軟件建立三維場景,選取24名駕駛員為實驗對象,在實驗室開發(fā)研制的KMRTDS駕駛模擬系統(tǒng)平臺進(jìn)行不同景觀下駕駛員的制動反應(yīng)模擬實驗,獲取了駕駛員制動反應(yīng)時間。此外,為探究景觀與駕駛員制動反應(yīng)時間的關(guān)系,以問卷調(diào)查的方式獲取了受試者的心理、生理以及駕駛行為等方面的信息,并選取部分受試者佩戴眼動儀進(jìn)行實驗以獲取眼動數(shù)據(jù)。再次,運用基本統(tǒng)計方法對不同景觀下駕駛員的制動反應(yīng)特性進(jìn)行分析,確定了基于公路景觀的駕駛員制動反應(yīng)時間。為探究公路景觀與制動反應(yīng)時間的影響關(guān)系,結(jié)合眼動數(shù)據(jù)和問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果,對不同景觀的駕駛員注視時間、注視區(qū)域、軌跡偏差和生理心理指標(biāo)等進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明：不同景觀空間和公路線形對駕駛員的制動反應(yīng)時間有顯著性影響,其中彎道全封閉景觀空間的駕駛員制動反應(yīng)時間最短,直線全開敞景觀空間的駕駛員制動反應(yīng)時間最長；不同景觀的制動反應(yīng)時間差異主要由駕駛員在不同景觀下的注意力不同而導(dǎo)致,與受試者的年齡、性別等關(guān)系不大,且不受景觀類型與受試者的年齡、性別、性格、駕齡以及駕駛習(xí)慣等交互影響。最后,根據(jù)前文修正的停車視距模型,結(jié)合實驗確定的基于公路景觀的駕駛員制動反應(yīng)時間值,得到了不同景觀的停車視距,并與現(xiàn)階段已存在的停車視距進(jìn)行對比分析。本課題通過探究不同公路景觀下駕駛員的制動反應(yīng)特性,進(jìn)而實現(xiàn)對公路景觀與停車視距的影響研究。研究結(jié)果不僅完善了停車視距模型,還能定量評價公路景觀的安全性,改善不利景觀,提高道路交通安全。
[Abstract]:The highway landscape is an important part of highway transportation system, highway landscape design is not only related to the aesthetic, but also affect the traffic safety. Past studies have shown that the highway landscape will have a certain impact on the driver's characteristics. Therefore, to carry out highway landscape on the influence of driving characteristics, and can provide the reference for the evaluation of highway traffic safety and landscape design. The reaction time is one of the important characteristics of the driver, is also an important parameter calculation of parking. The landscape will affect the psychological and physiological characteristics of drivers, will affect the reaction time of the driver, thereby affecting the parking. Therefore, the study of the driver's brake reaction time can improve the parking model of highway landscape. This paper uses KMRTDS driving simulation system platform and eye tracker, for road landscape on the driver's behavior influence, in On the basis of landscape classification, the brake reaction time of different types of landscape drivers were investigated, and determine the parking model of different highway landscape according to the experimental results. Firstly, the road traffic system, based on the vehicle, road and environment factors analysis of parking, analyzed the influence of driver's brake reaction time in different traffic conditions of parking. Combined with the vehicle braking process, based on analyzing the existing parking model, proposed a modified parking model of highway landscape based on the use of laboratory. The development of a set of vehicle highway landscape acquisition system, real-time acquisition of road landscape information. Starting from the driver's brake reaction time, combining elements of highway landscape, road alignment and landscape, road landscape collected from eight kinds of classification. Secondly, root According to the road landscape information acquisition, the establishment of three-dimensional scene using VSDesign scenario design software, select 24 drivers as the experimental object, in the development of laboratory KMRTDS driving simulation system platform for brake response of different landscape driver simulation experiment, obtained the driver brake reaction time. In addition, to explore the relationship between the landscape and the driver's brake reaction time, by way of questionnaire investigation to obtain participants' psychological, physiological and driving behavior information, and select the part of the subjects to wear eye tracking experiments to obtain the eye movement data. Thirdly, analysis of reaction characteristics by using basic statistical methods for different landscape drivers, determine the driver's brake the reaction time of highway landscape. It is based on effect of highway landscape and brake reaction time, check the results with the eye movement data and questionnaire, The different landscape of fixation time, fixation area, analyze the trajectory deviation and the physiological and psychological indexes. The results showed that there were significant effects of brake reaction time of different landscape space and road alignment on the driver, the driver turn closed brake reaction time landscape is the shortest, the driver brake reaction time line full open space landscape the longest; brake reaction time difference of different landscape is mainly composed of drivers in different landscape under different attention caused, and the age of the subjects, not gender relations, and is not affected by the landscape types and subjects' age, gender, personality, driving and driving habits and other interactive effects. Finally, according to the parking the horizon correction model described above, combined with the experimentally determined braking reaction time of highway landscape based on the values obtained for different landscape parking sight distances, and now The horizon stopping stage are analyzed. This research by exploring the reaction characteristics of different highway landscape under the driver, and then realize the effect of the road landscape and parking. The research results not only improve the parking safety of the highway landscape evaluation model, but also quantitatively, improve the unfavorable landscape, improve road traffic safety.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.25

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