本文選題：交通安全　切入點(diǎn)：空間感知　出處：《山東理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著汽車保有量和汽車駕駛員人數(shù)量的升高,道路交通安全事故數(shù)量一直居高不下,而與人有關(guān)的道路交通事故又占事故總量的大多數(shù)。大量的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和事故分析結(jié)果表明,駕駛員的感知失誤是導(dǎo)致交通事故發(fā)生的主要因素之一。因此,深入了解駕駛員的感知覺,特別是對(duì)于外部空間和碰撞時(shí)間的感知,對(duì)于提高道路交通安全具有非常重大的意義,能有效地防止感知失誤造成的交通事故,改善駕駛員的駕駛行為決策和道路設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)等。首先,系統(tǒng)地分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀。介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)、認(rèn)知心理學(xué)和交通心理學(xué)等學(xué)科的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展,重點(diǎn)介紹前人對(duì)感知覺、駕駛員感知覺以及盲走范式的研究歷程,確定了利用盲走法進(jìn)行實(shí)車道路實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究方向。其次,從生理學(xué)和心理學(xué)的角度,闡述了汽車駕駛員的感知覺及其特性。系統(tǒng)地介紹了視覺、聽覺、觸覺、空間知覺和時(shí)間知覺等多種感知覺的形成機(jī)理及相應(yīng)特性,簡(jiǎn)要地說(shuō)明了外部環(huán)境、個(gè)體差異、年齡、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、情緒等多種因素對(duì)感知覺的影響,為之后的實(shí)車實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)據(jù)分析奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。再次,基于盲走法,合理設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,進(jìn)行實(shí)車道路實(shí)驗(yàn)。重點(diǎn)闡明實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康�、�?shí)驗(yàn)人員、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備和實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)景,詳細(xì)闡述了實(shí)驗(yàn)行程和注意事項(xiàng),簡(jiǎn)單介紹了對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的記錄方法。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得了被試人員在不同因素影響下的碰撞估計(jì)時(shí)間數(shù)據(jù)。最后,經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)處理得到被試人員的正向空間距離感知數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析獲得了被試人員在不同因素影響下的正向空間距離感知特征。借助SPSS軟件,運(yùn)用多種數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,如分布正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)、配對(duì)樣本檢驗(yàn)、重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析和輪廓圖分析,對(duì)被試人員的正向空間感知距離數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了處理,得到了不同因素對(duì)空間感知能力的影響規(guī)律。本研究主要從汽車駕駛員的空間感知出發(fā),通過(guò)特定實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)景下的實(shí)車道路實(shí)驗(yàn),得到了汽車駕駛員碰撞估計(jì)時(shí)間數(shù)據(jù),并通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算與統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,研究了不同因素對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的影響。本研究對(duì)于深入了解汽車駕駛員空間感知能力,減少因汽車駕駛員感知失誤造成的道路交通事故,完善汽車駕駛員篩查機(jī)制等,具有積極意義。
[Abstract]:With the increase of vehicle ownership and the number of drivers, the number of road traffic safety accidents has been high, and the human road traffic accidents account for the majority of the total number of accidents. A large number of statistical data and accident analysis results show that, Driver's perception error is one of the main factors leading to traffic accident. It is of great significance to improve road traffic safety. It can effectively prevent traffic accidents caused by perceived errors, improve drivers' driving behavior decisions and road facilities design. This paper systematically analyzes the current research situation at home and abroad, introduces the emergence and development of experimental psychology, cognitive psychology and traffic psychology, and focuses on the research process of perception perception, driver perception perception and blind walking paradigm. The research direction of using blind walking method to carry out real vehicle road experiment is determined. Secondly, from the point of view of physiology and psychology, this paper expounds the perception of automobile driver and its characteristics, and systematically introduces vision, hearing, touch, and so on. The formation mechanism and corresponding characteristics of various perceptual senses, such as spatial perception and time perception, are briefly illustrated by the influence of external environment, individual difference, age, experience, emotion and other factors on perception. It lays a solid theoretical foundation for the later real vehicle experiment and data analysis. Thirdly, based on the blind walking method, the experiment scheme is designed reasonably and the real vehicle road experiment is carried out. Experimental equipment and experimental scenes, detailed description of the experimental itinerary and points for attention, a brief introduction to the experimental data recording method. Through the experiment, the participants under the influence of different factors under the impact of collision estimation time data. After preprocessing, the forward spatial distance perception data of the subjects were obtained, and the positive spatial distance perception characteristics of the subjects under the influence of different factors were obtained through data processing and analysis. With the help of SPSS software, various mathematical statistical methods were used. For example, distribution normality test, paired sample test, repeated measurement variance analysis and contour analysis were used to process the positive spatial perceptual distance data. The effects of different factors on spatial perception are obtained. Based on the spatial perception of vehicle drivers, the vehicle driver collision estimation time data are obtained through the real vehicle road experiments under specific experimental scenarios. Through mathematical calculation and statistical analysis, the influence of different factors on the experimental results is studied. It is of positive significance to improve the screening mechanism of automobile drivers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491.254

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