動(dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境下照度變化對(duì)駕駛?cè)俗R(shí)認(rèn)時(shí)間影響機(jī)理研究
本文選題：交通安全 切入點(diǎn)：駕駛?cè)?/strong> 出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】：隨著汽車保有量快速增加,道路交通事故頻發(fā),事故率居高不下,道路交通安全問題日益嚴(yán)峻。在黃昏和黎明照度快速變化時(shí)段,交通事故頻發(fā)引起高度關(guān)注,但相關(guān)研究較少,事故機(jī)理成果較為缺乏。駕駛?cè)艘曈X特性受車速和照度影響較大,照度快速變化時(shí),駕駛?cè)俗R(shí)認(rèn)目標(biāo)物時(shí)間波動(dòng)較大,識(shí)認(rèn)時(shí)間的大小影響駕駛?cè)藳Q策和判斷,進(jìn)而影響駕駛?cè)说男袨?影響安全行車。探索在不同行車速度和不同照度下,駕駛?cè)藢?duì)不同顏色目標(biāo)物識(shí)認(rèn)時(shí)間規(guī)律,找出識(shí)認(rèn)時(shí)間與速度和照度關(guān)系,明確不同照度范圍和行車速度下的停車視距和道路限速值,對(duì)降低交通事故率有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。論文依托國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金“環(huán)境照度變化下道路交通流運(yùn)行特征及對(duì)交通安全影響機(jī)理研究(No.51308177)”內(nèi)容展開研究,在實(shí)際道路上通過設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)車實(shí)驗(yàn),選取黃昏時(shí)段不同環(huán)境照度和行車速度條件,開展駕駛?cè)藢?duì)不同顏色視標(biāo)識(shí)認(rèn)時(shí)間規(guī)律研究,通過單因素方差分析方法分析不同顏色在不同照度和速度下對(duì)駕駛?cè)擞袩o顯著影響,應(yīng)用非線性回歸建立駕駛?cè)俗R(shí)認(rèn)時(shí)間與環(huán)境照度及車速數(shù)學(xué)模型,并對(duì)傳統(tǒng)停車視距模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,給出黃昏時(shí)段不同照度范圍和限速條件下的推薦停車視距,在既有道路停車視距一定的條件下,結(jié)合識(shí)認(rèn)時(shí)間與行車速度模型、停車視距模型和道路設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范,推導(dǎo)出黃昏照度快速變化時(shí)段不同設(shè)計(jì)速度道路限速值。研究結(jié)果表明,黃昏時(shí)段不同照度范圍,不同顏色視標(biāo)對(duì)駕駛?cè)税l(fā)現(xiàn)、辨識(shí)視標(biāo)時(shí)刻和識(shí)認(rèn)視標(biāo)時(shí)間影響顯著性不盡相同；同一行車速度條件下識(shí)認(rèn)時(shí)間與照度數(shù)學(xué)模型擬合度高,顯著性滿足統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)要求,模型準(zhǔn)確；改進(jìn)后模型計(jì)算的停車視距與傳統(tǒng)模型相比,更有利于道路行車安全性；不同照度段不同設(shè)計(jì)速度的道路限速值不同,對(duì)黃昏事故多發(fā)的改善更具針對(duì)性和可操作性,實(shí)現(xiàn)基于照度變化的速度動(dòng)態(tài)管理。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase in vehicle ownership, frequent road traffic accidents, high accident rates and increasingly serious road traffic safety problems, the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents has aroused great concern during the period of rapid changes in the illumination at dusk and dawn. However, there are few related studies and lack of results of accident mechanism. The driver's visual characteristics are greatly affected by the speed and illumination. When the illuminance changes rapidly, the time of recognition of the target is more fluctuant. The recognition time affects the decision and judgment of the driver, and then affects the behavior of the driver and the safe driving. Find out the relationship between recognition time and speed and illuminance, and define the stop horizon and road speed limit under different illuminance range and driving speed. It has certain guiding significance to reduce the traffic accident rate. This paper is based on the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "the study on the operating characteristics of Road Traffic flow and its influence on Traffic Safety under the change of Environmental Illuminance" (No. 51308177). By designing the real vehicle experiment on the actual road, choosing the different illumination and driving speed condition in the twilight period, the research on the recognition time law of the different color sign is carried out. The influence of different colors on the driver under different illumination and speed was analyzed by single factor analysis of variance. A mathematical model of recognition time and environment illumination and speed of driver was established by nonlinear regression. At the same time, the traditional parking sight model is optimized, and the recommended parking sight distance under different illuminance range and speed limit in dusk is given. Under the condition that the existing road parking horizon is fixed, the recognition time and speed model are combined. According to the parking sight range model and the road design specification, the road speed limit values of different design speed in the period of fast variation of dusk illumination are deduced. The results show that different illumination ranges and different color standards are found for the driver in the twilight period. The effect of recognition time and recognition time on the recognition time is different, and the mathematical model of recognition time and illuminance under the same driving speed has a high fitting degree, which significantly meets the requirements of statistics and the model is accurate. Compared with the traditional model, the improved model is more favorable to the safety of the road, and the speed limit of different illuminance sections is different, which is more specific and operational for the improvement of the frequent accidents in the twilight. Speed dynamic management based on illumination change is realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.25
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