發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-20 21:50

  本文選題：高瓦斯隧道　切入點(diǎn)：施工安全　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國西南部多為山區(qū),煤炭資源豐富,煤層分布較多。當(dāng)隧道穿越煤層地區(qū)時(shí),由于煤質(zhì)巖層作為圍巖的條件太差,而且常常伴隨瓦斯的突出,導(dǎo)致隧道的修建難度和成本大大增加。瓦斯隧道的施工具有較大的施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn),事故發(fā)生后果嚴(yán)重。為保證瓦斯隧道的施工安全,穿越煤層過程中必須采取有效的防突措施,降低煤層內(nèi)瓦斯壓力;選擇合理的通風(fēng)方式,防止瓦斯?jié)舛冗^高,同時(shí)需要對隧道內(nèi)的設(shè)備進(jìn)行防爆改裝。本文以白楊林高瓦斯隧道為依托工程,研究高瓦斯隧道施工通風(fēng)中的流場規(guī)律以及瓦斯?jié)舛确植?對現(xiàn)場的通風(fēng)方式進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,并通過現(xiàn)場測試對通風(fēng)效果進(jìn)行評估。同時(shí)對防爆改裝機(jī)械和非防爆改裝機(jī)械進(jìn)行了動力性能試驗(yàn),得出防爆改裝對施工機(jī)械動力性能影響程度。本文主要結(jié)論如下:(1)施工通風(fēng)風(fēng)管位于拱腰,風(fēng)管末端距掌子面為5m～13m時(shí),瓦斯的最大濃度出現(xiàn)在右側(cè),小于0.5%,掌子面負(fù)壓區(qū)所占比例超過掌子面面積的60%,瓦斯能夠順利排出。因此,供風(fēng)量不變的情況下,風(fēng)管末端距離掌子面為5m～13m時(shí)通風(fēng)效果和瓦斯稀釋效果理想。(2)鉆孔直徑、進(jìn)煤深度、抽排壓力均影響煤層瓦斯的抽排效果。增大鉆孔直徑、增長進(jìn)煤深度、增大抽排壓力均可以使瓦斯抽排的有效半徑增大,影響范圍增大,抽排量增多。經(jīng)過不同工況下的研究,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場實(shí)際情況,得出鉆孔直徑在75～100mm,抽排壓力為-20～-30kPa,進(jìn)煤深度在1.5～2.5 m之間時(shí),瓦斯抽排效果最好。(3)隨著鉆孔孔底之間距離的增加,鉆孔之間的相互影響作用減弱。以抽排率作為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),得出抽排工期與孔底間距之間的關(guān)系。建議白楊林隧道DK474+138～188處煤層孔底間距為取2m,抽排工期為70d。(4)防爆改裝對于工程機(jī)械的動力性能影響明顯。同型號的改裝機(jī)械與非改裝機(jī)械,在相同測試條件下,對于運(yùn)輸類機(jī)械來說,達(dá)到相同速度時(shí),改裝機(jī)械的耗時(shí)約為非改裝機(jī)械的2倍,加速性能降低,平均加速度下降15%,功率下降15%～30%。對于液壓類機(jī)械來說,防爆改裝后輸出功率下降15%～20%,機(jī)械臂的平均移動速度下降33%。
[Abstract]:Most of the southwest of China is mountainous area with abundant coal resources and more coal seams. When the tunnel passes through the coal seam area, because of the poor condition of coal strata as surrounding rock, and often accompanied by gas outburst, In order to ensure the safety of gas tunnel construction, effective anti-outburst measures must be taken in order to ensure the construction safety of gas tunnel. Reducing the gas pressure in coal seam, choosing reasonable ventilation mode, preventing gas concentration too high, at the same time, the equipment in the tunnel should be explosion-proof and refitted. In this paper, based on the high gas tunnel of poplar forest, The flow field law and gas concentration distribution in construction ventilation of high gas tunnel are studied, and the ventilation mode in the field is optimized. At the same time, the dynamic performance tests are carried out on the refitted and non-explosion-proof machines. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) the construction ventilation duct is located at the arch waist, and the maximum concentration of gas appears on the right side when the end of the duct is 5 m or 13 m from the palm surface. Less than 0.5, the proportion of the negative pressure area on the palm surface is more than 60 percent of the area of the palm surface, and the gas can be discharged smoothly. Therefore, when the air supply volume is constant, the ventilation effect and the gas dilution effect are ideal at the end of the air duct when the distance between the end of the air duct and the palm surface is 5 m or 13 m.) the diameter of the borehole is ideal. The effective radius and influence range of gas drainage can be increased by increasing the diameter of borehole, increasing the depth of coal and increasing the pressure of drainage. Through the research under different working conditions, combined with the actual situation on the spot, it is concluded that when the diameter of the borehole is 75 ~ 100mm, the drainage pressure is -20 ~ (-30) KPA, and the coal depth is 1.5 ~ 2.5 m, the gas drainage effect is the best with the increase of the distance between the bottom of the borehole and the bottom of the borehole. The interaction between the boreholes is weakened. The drainage rate is taken as the criterion. It is suggested that the interval between the coal seam bottom and the coal seam in the DK474 138T of Baiyanglin Tunnel is 2 m, and the drainage period is 70 d. 4) the effect of explosion proof modification on the dynamic performance of construction machinery is obvious. The same type of modified machinery and non-refitted machinery are proposed. Under the same test conditions, for the transport machinery, when the speed is the same, the modification time is about twice as long as that of the non-refitted machinery, the acceleration performance is reduced, the average acceleration is reduced by 15 percent, the power is reduced by 15 percent, and for hydraulic machinery, The output power is reduced by 15 / 20 and the average moving speed of the arm is reduced by 33.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U455.4

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