本文選題：公交專用道　切入點(diǎn)：尾氣排放模型　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為緩解城市交通擁堵和減少機(jī)動(dòng)車能耗及排放,我國很多城市陸續(xù)規(guī)劃與建設(shè)公交專用道。然而,目前對于公交專用道設(shè)置后的影響分析大多是從客運(yùn)量、準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)率、運(yùn)行速度和通行能力等角度出發(fā)。從機(jī)動(dòng)車能耗和排放角度研究和評價(jià)公交專用道設(shè)置的相關(guān)研究較少。 本文通過研究公交專用道的發(fā)展和機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣排放模型,建立公交專用道的設(shè)置對機(jī)動(dòng)車油耗和尾氣排放的量化方法,從交通環(huán)境角度評價(jià)公交專用道的設(shè)置。為實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo),本文首先分析了公交專用道對排放的影響因素和影響機(jī)理；利用臺架測試法和車載尾氣檢測法(PEMS)采集公交車和社會車的排放數(shù)據(jù),同時(shí)使用手持式GPS收集公交車和社會車的行駛工況數(shù)據(jù)；然后,結(jié)合基于機(jī)動(dòng)車比功率(VSP)建立的尾氣排放模型和采集獲取的排放數(shù)據(jù)和工況數(shù)據(jù),建立機(jī)動(dòng)車排放率數(shù)據(jù)庫和工況分布數(shù)據(jù)庫；最后,根據(jù)已建立的機(jī)動(dòng)車排放率數(shù)據(jù)庫和工況分布數(shù)據(jù)庫,分析京通快速路設(shè)置公交專用道前后公交車和社會車的油耗和尾氣排放。案例分析結(jié)果表明,京通快速路公交專用道開通后與開通前相比,開通后公交車和社會車晚高峰各污染物單位時(shí)間的排放率均出現(xiàn)少量增加：公交車早晚高峰各污染物和社會車晚高峰各污染物單位距離的排放因子均減少；公交車早晚高峰部分污染物的排放量和社會車早晚高峰各污染物的排放量均減少；除PM外,公交車和社會車早晚高峰各污染物的排放強(qiáng)度均下降。整體而言,公交專用道實(shí)施后路段油耗、CO2、CO、HC、NOx排放分別下降了25.16%、25.21%、26.02%、25.22%和18.83%。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate urban traffic congestion and reduce motor vehicle energy consumption and emissions, many cities in our country plan and construct bus lanes one after another. However, at present, the impact analysis of bus lanes after setting up is mostly based on passenger traffic volume, punctuality rate, etc. From the point of view of running speed and traffic capacity, there is little research on the evaluation of bus lanes from the angle of vehicle energy consumption and emission. In this paper, by studying the development of bus lanes and vehicle exhaust emission model, the method of quantifying vehicle fuel consumption and exhaust emission by setting up bus lanes is established. In order to achieve the above goal, this paper first analyzes the influence factors and mechanism of the public transport lanes on emissions from the point of view of traffic environment. The emission data of buses and social vehicles are collected by means of bench test method and vehicle exhaust detection method, and the driving condition data of buses and social vehicles are collected by hand-held GPS. Combined with the exhaust emission model based on vehicle specific power and the collected emission data and working condition data, the vehicle emission rate database and the working condition distribution database are established. According to the established database of vehicle emission rate and the database of working condition distribution, the fuel consumption and exhaust emission of buses and social vehicles before and after the setting up of bus lanes on Jingtong Expressway are analyzed. The results of case study show that, After the opening of the Beijing-Tongtong Expressway bus exclusive Road, compared with before the opening, After opening, the emission rate of each pollutant per unit time of the evening peak of bus and social vehicle increased slightly: the emission factors of each pollutant per unit distance of the morning and evening peak of bus and social vehicle decreased; The emissions of some pollutants in the morning and evening peak of buses and the emissions of the pollutants in the morning and evening peaks of social vehicles decreased, except PM, the emission intensity of the pollutants in the morning and evening peak of buses and social vehicles decreased. After the implementation of the bus lane, the emission of CO _ 2CO _ 2CO _ (2) HCN _ (no _ x) decreased 25.16% and 25.21%, 25.22% and 18.833%, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.17;X734.2

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本文編號：1631223