發(fā)布時間：2018-03-18 19:29

  本文選題：瓶頸模型　切入點：元胞傳輸模型　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著城市現(xiàn)代化的快速發(fā)展,城市人口越來越多,同時人們的生活水平有著很大的改善,私人小汽車擁有量飛速增加,給城市交通和環(huán)境方面造成了嚴(yán)重的影響,出現(xiàn)了城市交通擁堵和環(huán)境污染等問題。面臨嚴(yán)峻的城市交通擁堵,如何治理城市交通擁堵已成為世界各國都關(guān)注的難題。近年來,我國一些城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展使得交通擁堵現(xiàn)象變得極為嚴(yán)重,因此治理交通擁堵在緩解城市交通問題中占著重要的角色。基于元胞傳輸模型的瓶頸路段擁擠收費的提出對于建立單一收費方案,緩解城市交通擁堵問題有重大意義。本文基于元胞傳輸模型,建立了瓶頸路段的單一收費方案,并且對瓶頸路段上存在單用戶和多用戶兩種情況進(jìn)行了研究。主要工作有以下幾個方面:(1)描述瓶頸路段上單一收費方案下單用戶的出行選擇行為。首先基于元胞傳輸模型,分析了瓶頸路段上單用戶流量的演化過程,并計算每個時刻出行者的出行費用。通過路段流量與出行費用之間的關(guān)系對每個時刻路段流量進(jìn)行更新調(diào)整,直到元胞傳輸模型達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài)。其次,在特定的時間段內(nèi)設(shè)置一定的擁擠收費,分析了實施擁擠收費前后對流入率的變化和路段擁擠情況,以及不同路段需求量對路段擁擠的影響和擁擠收費對緩解交通擁堵的作用。(2)根據(jù)不同的優(yōu)化方案對單用戶的擁擠收費水平進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。首先,應(yīng)用元胞傳輸模型得到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)下單用戶的走行時間和車輛排隊長度。其次,根據(jù)不同的優(yōu)化方案,建立基于元胞傳輸模型的不同上層目標(biāo)函數(shù)的雙層規(guī)劃模型,上層目標(biāo)分別為:瓶頸路段上的單用戶總的走行時間和瓶頸路段上的車輛排隊長度,而下層模型是基于元胞傳輸模擬單用戶的路段出行行為。并用改進(jìn)的遺傳算法對兩個雙層規(guī)劃模型求解,分別得到最優(yōu)的收費水平。最后應(yīng)用簡單的數(shù)例闡述所建立的雙層規(guī)劃模型及算法。(3)描述瓶頸路段上單一收費方案下多用戶的出行選擇行為。將瓶頸路段上的多用戶按收入高低分為兩類:一類是時間價值較高,可支配時間較靈活的高收入者;一類是時間價值較低,可支配時間較緊湊的低收入者。二者區(qū)別在于懲罰時間價值系數(shù)不同。首先,基于元胞傳輸模型,描述瓶頸路段上多用戶流量的演化過程,并計算兩類出行者在每個時刻的出行費用。通過各自的出行費用與流量的關(guān)系分別對兩類出行者的流入率進(jìn)行更新調(diào)整,直到元胞傳輸模型達(dá)到用戶平衡狀態(tài)。文中分別分析了實施擁擠收費前后對瓶頸路段上交通擁堵的影響和擁擠收費對緩解交通擁堵的效果。進(jìn)一步,對于存在多用戶的瓶頸路段,優(yōu)化瓶頸路段上的單一擁擠收費水平。首先,基于元胞傳輸模型得到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)下的多用戶的走行時間和車輛排隊長度。其次,建立基于元胞傳輸模型的不同上層目標(biāo)函數(shù)的雙層規(guī)劃模型,上層目標(biāo)分別為:瓶頸路段上的多用戶總的走行時間和瓶頸路段上的車輛排隊長度,而下層模型是基于元胞傳輸模擬多用戶的路段出行行為。并用改進(jìn)的遺傳算法對兩個雙層規(guī)劃模型求解,分別得到最優(yōu)的收費水平。最后應(yīng)用簡單的數(shù)例闡述所建立的雙層規(guī)劃模型及算法。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the modern city, the city population is more and more, at the same time people's living standard has greatly improved, with private cars increase rapidly, causing a serious impact to the city traffic and environment, the city traffic congestion and environmental pollution problems. Facing the severe traffic congestion in the city, how to improve the city traffic congestion has become a problem concerned in the world. In recent years, some of China's city's rapid economic development makes the traffic congestion has become very serious, so the traffic congestion management plays an important role in alleviating the city traffic problem. Traffic bottleneck cell transmission model is proposed for the establishment of a congestion pricing scheme based on a single charge that is of great significance to alleviate the city traffic congestion. This paper based on cell transmission model, established a single charging scheme for bottlenecks, and to There are bottlenecks single user and multi-user two were studied. The main works are as follows: (1) describe the bottleneck on a single charge scheme of single user travel choice behavior. Based on the cell transmission model, analysis of the single user flow evolution process bottlenecks, and calculate each moment the travel expenses of each moment. The traffic flow is updated by adjusting the relationship between road traffic and travel expenses, until the cell transmission model to achieve a state of equilibrium. Secondly, set the congestion charge in a certain period of time, analyzes the implementation of congestion pricing and inflow rate and the variation of road congestion, and different sections of demand on congested Road and congestion charges on the role to ease traffic congestion. (2) according to different optimization schemes for single user congestion pricing level in For optimization. First, using the cell transmission model by single user steady state travel time and queue length. Secondly, according to different optimization schemes, a bilevel programming model of different upper objectivefunction cell transmission model based on the upper target respectively: Bottleneck on the single user total travel time and the bottleneck sections of the vehicle queue length, and the lower model is travel behavior based on single user simulation cell transmission. And use the improved genetic algorithm for solving two bilevel programming model, respectively, to obtain the optimal level of fees. The bi level programming model and algorithm of the number of cases described by simple. (end 3) describe the bottleneck on a single charge scheme of multiple user travel choice behavior. Many users on the bottleneck income level is divided into two categories: one is the high value of time, can be a time A flexible high income; one is the time value is low, disposable time is compact and low income. The difference between the two lies in the penalty coefficient of different time value. First, the cell transmission model based on the description of user traffic bottlenecks on the evolution process, and calculate two travelers at each time the travel cost. Through the relationship between travel cost and flow of each of two types of the inflow rate travelers update adjustment, until the cell transmission model to achieve user equilibrium. This paper analyses the implementation of congestion pricing before and after the bottleneck over effects of traffic congestion and congestion fees to ease traffic congestion in the further effect. The presence of multiple user, bottleneck, bottleneck optimization on single congestion pricing level. Firstly, the cell transmission model of multi-user steady state of travel time and vehicle scheduling based on Team length. Secondly, the bi level programming model is established with different upper objectivefunction cell transmission model based on the upper target respectively: Bottleneck on multi-user total travel time and the bottleneck sections of the vehicle queue length, and the lower model is based on multi user travel behavior simulation and cell transmission. The improved genetic algorithm for solving two bilevel programming model, the optimal level of charge were obtained. Bi level programming model and algorithm were described. Finally the application of simple building

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491

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