本文選題：高海拔隧道　切入點：勞動強度分級　出處：《西南交通大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著國家“一帶一路(OBAOR)"經(jīng)濟戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想的提出和實施,我國西部地區(qū)迅猛發(fā)展,川藏公路、鐵路陸續(xù)提入規(guī)劃設(shè)計,高海拔特長隧道數(shù)量快速增長。海拔高度對隧道施工分階段人員的影響主要表現(xiàn)為兩個方面,分別是：隨著海拔高度的升高溫度下降,施工人員處于高寒環(huán)境；海拔高度越高,氣壓越低,氧含量減小,導致施工人員出現(xiàn)缺氧反應(yīng)。巴朗山公路隧道位于省道303線,洞口平均海拔高度約為3850m,是打通西部旅游小西環(huán)線、促進川西經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要工程,也是四川省公路科技重點項目。為獲得高海拔地區(qū)隧道施工分階段人員需氧量的預(yù)測方法并為供氧技術(shù)提供設(shè)計依據(jù),特依托巴朗山高海拔特長公路隧道開展了高海拔地區(qū)隧道施工分階段人員勞動強度和施工工序?qū)?yīng)關(guān)系的研究、制定了勞動強度和需氧量之間的關(guān)系、建立了氧氣濃度隨隧道長度變化的預(yù)測方法,并以此為基礎(chǔ)提出了可選的供氧方案。本論文主要研究工作和成果主要有以下四個方面：(1)基于高海拔環(huán)境對施工人員人體機能的影響分析,結(jié)合海拔高度與人體氣管氣氧分壓的關(guān)系,提出了基于安全性和舒適性的高海拔施工起始供氧高度建議值。根據(jù)高海拔勞動強度分級,得到海拔每升高1000m,勞動強度約升高一個等級的結(jié)論,同時首次提出了勞動強度、海拔高度共同對人員耗氧量的影響關(guān)系,確定了施工人員供氧量標準。(2)采用Fluent流體力學計算軟件就不同開挖深度、施工機械功率、隧址區(qū)氧濃度對隧道內(nèi)氧氣濃度的影響進行了深入分析,計算結(jié)果表明隨著開挖深度的增加,氧氣濃度逐漸減小,并建立了隧道內(nèi)氧氣濃度預(yù)測關(guān)系式。(3)基于巴朗山隧道氧濃度預(yù)測方法及氧濃度預(yù)測值,提出了巴朗山隧道施工分階段人員供氧量。(4)基于巴朗山隧道個體式供氧和彌散式供氧現(xiàn)場實驗,對比了個體式供氧與彌散式供氧的優(yōu)缺點,確定了巴朗山隧道施工分階段供氧方案,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)場測試供氧效果,提出供氧方案的優(yōu)化方式。通過對施工分階段人員供氧技術(shù)的研究及應(yīng)用,為實現(xiàn)巴朗山隧道安全、快速、高效的施工提供了技術(shù)保障,確保了高海拔隧道施工人員的生理安全,為其它類似高海拔隧道施工需氧量的預(yù)測以及供氧方案的設(shè)計提供了有價值的參考和借鑒。
[Abstract]:With the development and implementation of the national economic strategy of "Belt and Road and OBAOR", the western region of China has developed rapidly, and Sichuan-Tibet highways and railways have been introduced into the planning and design one after another. The influence of altitude on tunnel construction in different stages is mainly manifested in two aspects: with the increase of altitude, the construction personnel are in a cold environment, and the higher the altitude, the higher the altitude. The lower the air pressure, the lower the oxygen content, which leads to anoxic reaction among the construction personnel. The Barang Mountain Highway Tunnel is located on the 303 line of the provincial road, with an average altitude of 3850 m, which is an important project to open up the west tourism small western ring line and promote the economic development of western Sichuan. It is also a key project of highway science and technology in Sichuan Province. In order to obtain the forecast method of oxygen demand of tunnel construction in high altitude area and provide the design basis for oxygen supply technology, In particular, relying on the high-altitude and extra-long highway tunnel of Balang Mountain, a study was carried out on the corresponding relationship between the labor intensity and the construction process of the workers in the tunnel construction in the high altitude area, and the relationship between the labor intensity and the oxygen demand was established. A prediction method for the variation of oxygen concentration with tunnel length is established. On the basis of this, an optional oxygen supply scheme is put forward. The main research work and results of this paper are as follows: 1) based on the analysis of the influence of high altitude environment on the human function of the construction personnel, Combined with the relationship between altitude and partial pressure of oxygen in human trachea, the suggested value of initial oxygen supply for high altitude construction based on safety and comfort is put forward. It is concluded that for every 1000m elevation, the labor intensity increases by about one grade. At the same time, the influence of labor intensity and altitude on human oxygen consumption is put forward for the first time. The oxygen supply standard of construction personnel is determined. The influence of different excavation depth, power of construction machinery and oxygen concentration in tunnel area on oxygen concentration in tunnel is analyzed by Fluent hydrodynamic calculation software. The results show that the oxygen concentration decreases gradually with the increase of excavation depth, and the prediction equation of oxygen concentration in the tunnel is established, which is based on the oxygen concentration prediction method and oxygen concentration prediction value of Barang Mountain Tunnel. Based on the field experiments of individual oxygen supply and diffuse oxygen supply in Balangshan tunnel, the advantages and disadvantages of individual and diffuse oxygen supply are compared. This paper determines the oxygen supply scheme of Balangshan tunnel construction by stages, and puts forward the optimization method of oxygen supply scheme combined with the effect of field test. Through the research and application of oxygen supply technology for personnel in construction stages, in order to realize the safety and speediness of Balangshan tunnel, The efficient construction provides the technical guarantee, ensures the physiological safety of the construction personnel of the high-altitude tunnel, and provides a valuable reference and reference for the prediction of oxygen demand in other similar high-altitude tunnel construction and the design of the oxygen supply scheme.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U455

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