本文選題：交通安全　切入點(diǎn)：低等級公路　出處：《長沙理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,雖然我國每年發(fā)生的交通事故起數(shù)、事故傷亡人數(shù)和直接財產(chǎn)損失總體都呈下降趨勢,但隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,我國農(nóng)村機(jī)動車數(shù)量急劇增加,而低等級公路的行駛環(huán)境以及農(nóng)村駕駛員車輛行駛水平?jīng)]有得到相應(yīng)的提升,使得低等級公路交通事故起數(shù)和事故死亡人數(shù)所占的比重不降反升。而在這些低等級公路交通事故中,一般彎道單車事故占了很大的比重。因而加強(qiáng)對低等級公路彎道單車事故進(jìn)行研究,得出事故發(fā)生的機(jī)理,進(jìn)而給出相應(yīng)的措施以減少事故的發(fā)生,具有重大現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文針對低等級公路一般彎道易發(fā)生的單車事故展開深入的研究,主要包括:分析了我國低等級公路發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和嚴(yán)峻的交通安全形勢;結(jié)合已有的相關(guān)研究,總結(jié)了汽車在直線、彎道以及不同路面通行條件下行駛時發(fā)生交通事故的主要影響因素,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用CarSim和TruckSim軟件,建立不同路面通行條件的低等級公路彎道模型與車輛動力學(xué)模型。進(jìn)而以中型轎車為主,進(jìn)行轎車在不同彎道路面行駛仿真,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在路徑預(yù)瞄控制工況下,路面附著系數(shù)越小、低附著系數(shù)路面面積越大,轎車越容易發(fā)生側(cè)滑。結(jié)合仿真結(jié)果,分析了車輛在彎道行駛時因路面附著系數(shù)低、結(jié)冰路面減速帶使得車輪發(fā)生跳動而導(dǎo)致轎車側(cè)向力降低等轎車側(cè)滑的機(jī)理。研究了駕駛員在彎道路段行車發(fā)生側(cè)滑過程中不同時刻采取轉(zhuǎn)向、制動等措施對車輛行駛穩(wěn)定性的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)駕駛員保持轎車在道路中心線行駛并在發(fā)現(xiàn)道路有突發(fā)狀況時盡早采取適當(dāng)制動,能夠非常有效的提高車輛行駛的穩(wěn)定性,阻止轎車的側(cè)滑。文章的最后,還進(jìn)行了其他四種汽車的對比仿真,得出不同參數(shù)的車型在相同的低等級公路彎道路面上行駛時的穩(wěn)定性表現(xiàn),微型轎車穩(wěn)定性最好,中型貨車穩(wěn)定性最差。針對低等級公路彎道側(cè)滑事故,本文根據(jù)研究的仿真結(jié)果以及事故機(jī)理分析,提出改善彎道路面通行條件、提高駕駛員水平和安全意識等減少側(cè)滑事故發(fā)生的建議。研究成果對于合理有效的通過提高設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、增強(qiáng)施工質(zhì)量、加強(qiáng)后期維護(hù)等改善低等級公路彎道路面通行條件的舉措有非常重要的參考作用同時,也揭示了駕駛員駕駛汽車在低等級公路一般彎道行駛時應(yīng)該注意的問題,進(jìn)而能夠避免交通事故的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:In recent years, although our country every year from the number of traffic accidents, casualties and direct property loss overall downward trend, but with the rapid development of social economy, the number of China's rural vehicles increased rapidly, while the low grade highway driving environment and rural driver vehicle level has not been a corresponding increase, the number of low grade highway traffic accidents and accident deaths accounted for not fall. And in these low grade highway traffic accident, the general curve bicycle accidents accounted for a large proportion. Therefore, strengthen the research on low grade road bicycle accident, the accident mechanism, and gives the corresponding measures in order to reduce the occurrence of accidents, is of great practical significance. In this paper the general curve of low grade highway bicycle accident prone to in-depth research, including: an analysis Development of low grade highway in our country and the serious traffic safety situation; based on the existing related research, summed up the car in a straight line, curve and main influencing factors of different road traffic conditions when driving traffic accidents, and on this basis, using CarSim and TruckSim software, the establishment of low grade highway curve model and vehicle dynamics model different road traffic conditions. Then to midsize car, car driving simulation in different corners Road, found in the pre condition of the tracking path, the road friction coefficient is small, low adhesion coefficient road area is greater, more prone to car sideslip. According to the simulation results, analysis of the vehicle running on curve by road the adhesion coefficient is low, the ice road deceleration zone makes the wheel beating caused mechanism of car lateral force reduction car sideslip. The driver in the corners Road traffic in different time taken in the process of skid steering, braking and other measures to drive the influence on the stability of the vehicle, found the driver to keep the car as soon as possible to take appropriate brake in the central line of the road running and found unexpected situations on the road, can be very effective in improving the stability of vehicle driving, stop the car skidding. Finally, also compared with other four kinds of car simulation, stability performance obtained with different parameters on models of low grade highway pavement on the same corner of the mini car is the best, medium truck stability was the worst. For the low grade road sideslip accidents, according to the results of simulation study and accident mechanism analysis, put forward to improve the road bend the traffic conditions, improve the level of the driver and the consciousness of safety accidents reduce sideslip suggestions. Research results for reasonable and effective By improving the design standards, enhance the quality of construction, strengthen the maintenance and improvement of highway pavement bend low level initiatives conditions have a very important reference at the same time, also revealed the drivers should pay attention to in the running of low grade highway general curve problem, so as to avoid the occurrence of traffic accidents.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.3

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