本文選題：多塔懸索橋　切入點(diǎn)：GPS-RTK監(jiān)測(cè)　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著大跨橋梁工程建設(shè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,利用橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)采集到的海量數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)合理地進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)狀態(tài)預(yù)警、評(píng)估也隨之得到廣泛關(guān)注。對(duì)于多塔懸索橋,由于中間塔的設(shè)置,使得多塔懸索橋的整體受力和變形與傳統(tǒng)雙塔懸索橋有很大差異。本文以泰州長(zhǎng)江大橋?yàn)楣こ瘫尘?結(jié)合大橋結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)GPS-RTK數(shù)據(jù)分析,開展了多塔懸索橋結(jié)構(gòu)狀態(tài)預(yù)警評(píng)估研究。具體內(nèi)容如下：(1)系統(tǒng)地介紹了GPS技術(shù)用于橋梁變形監(jiān)測(cè)的相關(guān)理論和應(yīng)用情況。闡述了GPS的發(fā)展歷程和系統(tǒng)組成,以及GPS-RTK定位測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的基本思想、主要特點(diǎn)和基本原理,研究了GPS-RTK在大跨懸索橋變形監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用情況。(2)對(duì)GPS動(dòng)態(tài)變形監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)粗差剔除和降噪預(yù)處理。針對(duì)泰州大橋GPS-RTK監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn),采用拉依達(dá)準(zhǔn)則(3σ準(zhǔn)則)進(jìn)行粗差剔除處理：然后選用不同小波函數(shù)、不同分解層數(shù)、不同閾值和閾值準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行小波閾值降噪處理,并比較降噪效果,從中確定出最優(yōu)組合參數(shù)。(3)分析了環(huán)境溫度對(duì)主梁位移的影響規(guī)律。首先,研究了大橋主梁三維位移與環(huán)境溫度的相關(guān)性,泰州大橋主梁橫向位移與溫度相關(guān)性不明顯,而縱向位移和豎向位移與溫度有明顯的強(qiáng)線性相關(guān)性；其次,通過采用最小二乘法建立主梁縱向和豎向的位移-溫度線性回歸模型；最后利用相關(guān)性模型進(jìn)行環(huán)境溫度歸一化處理,剔除溫度效應(yīng)所產(chǎn)生的位移趨勢(shì),從而獲得橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的真實(shí)位移狀態(tài)。(4)建立了基于均值控制圖法的狀態(tài)預(yù)警方法。構(gòu)造位移殘差預(yù)警指標(biāo),根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)控制圖中的均值控制圖建立了主梁狀態(tài)預(yù)警方法,并通過樣本檢驗(yàn)和損傷模擬的方式來考察基于均值控制圖的狀態(tài)預(yù)警方法用于泰州大橋的可行性和有效性。分析結(jié)果表明：采用均值控制圖法能從多個(gè)截面、多方向進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)異常狀態(tài)識(shí)別和損傷預(yù)警。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of long-span bridge construction, the structural state early warning is carried out scientifically and reasonably by using the massive data collected by the bridge structure health monitoring system. Because of the setting of the middle tower, the stress and deformation of the multi-tower suspension bridge are very different from that of the traditional double-tower suspension bridge. This paper takes Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge as the engineering background and analyzes the GPS-RTK data of the bridge structure health monitoring system. In this paper, a study on the early warning evaluation of the structural state of multi-tower suspension bridges is carried out. The detailed contents are as follows: (1) the related theories and applications of GPS technology for bridge deformation monitoring are systematically introduced. The development course and system composition of GPS are described. As well as the basic idea, main characteristics and basic principle of GPS-RTK positioning and measuring system, The application of GPS-RTK in deformation monitoring of long-span suspension bridge is studied. The gross error elimination and noise reduction preprocessing of GPS dynamic deformation monitoring data are studied. According to the characteristics of GPS-RTK monitoring data of Taizhou Bridge, Then we select different wavelet function, different decomposition layer number, different threshold value and threshold criterion to deal with wavelet threshold noise reduction, and compare the effect of noise reduction. The influence of ambient temperature on the displacement of the main girder is analyzed. Firstly, the correlation between the three-dimensional displacement of the main girder and the ambient temperature is studied, and the correlation between the transverse displacement and the temperature of the main beam of Taizhou Bridge is not obvious. The longitudinal displacement and vertical displacement have a strong linear correlation with temperature. Secondly, the longitudinal and vertical displacement-temperature linear regression model of the main beam is established by using the least square method. Finally, the correlation model is used to normalize the ambient temperature, and the displacement trend caused by the temperature effect is eliminated. Thus, the real displacement state of bridge structure is obtained. (4) the state early warning method based on mean value control chart is established, and the early warning index of displacement residuals is constructed. According to the mean value control chart of statistical control chart, the state warning method of main beam is established. The feasibility and effectiveness of the state warning method based on mean value control chart for Taizhou Bridge are investigated by means of sample test and damage simulation. The results show that the mean value control chart method can be used from multiple sections. Multi-directional structural abnormal state identification and damage warning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U448.25

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